Again, this disparity is more pronounced in Europe, with French people believing Muslims will make up 40 percent of the population in 2020, when research puts that percentage at just 8.3 percent. [13], According to the IBGE census, 83.2% of Muslims are self-declared as white, 12.2% are mixed, 3.8% black, 0.8% orientals and 0.04% indigenous. There are more than two billion Muslims worldwide, making Islam the second-largest religion in the world, exceeded only by Christianity. Slaves performing Capoeira, a Brazilian martial art, 1825. The survey reported sightings of swastikas and other anti-Semitic graffiti. The Islamic Presence in Brazil and Rio de Janeiro. Early Muslims met privately for prayer, to learn to read and write Quranic Arabicnotable during a period when most white Brazilians were illiteratefor spiritual guidance, and in some areas, to plan uprisings (such as the 1835 Mal Uprising). Italian Muslims constitute 4.8 percent of the population. Just as Christianity encompasses multiple denominations (Catholic, Lutheran, Mormon, Baptist, etc. 51% disagreed. In March, media reported that the Rio Grande do Sul Public Defenders Center for the Defense of Human Rights opened an investigation of reports of religious intolerance against an Afro-Brazilian religious group located in a suburb of Porto Alegre. Journal of Social History. According to a 2019 Datafolha survey, 50 percent of the population identifies as Roman Catholic, the same as the previous survey in 2016 but down from 60 percent in 2014. The Islamic Slave Revolts of Bahia, Brazil A Continuity of the 19th Century Jihaad Movements of Western Sudan. Salvador, the capital of Bahia, was the first city founded in Brazil, by Portuguese nobleman Tom de Souza in 1548. The smallest proportion of Catholics is found in the Center-West region (49%). 2020, Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, "Nordeste e Sul so ltimos 'basties' catlicos do Brasil", "Transio religiosa no Brasil: 1940-2032", "As evangelicals gain, Catholics on verge of losing majority in Brazil", "Once-Barred Practice Flourishes in Brazil. Some 11 million Syrian and Lebanese (mostly Maronite and Orthodox Christians) immigrants live throughout Brazil. the practices of integration come as quite a pseudo-realistic one as there is still no accommodation for faiths outside the Catholic Church. In his upcoming work, which draws on fieldwork including interviews with radicalised Muslims, Ahmed elucidates how Muslim men in Norway make meaning of adopting and rejecting political violence and discusses how racialisation may influence research when studying radicalisation among Muslims. The organization said the videos were offensive and contained anti-Muslim sentiment. As an example, the second largest fast food chain in Brazil is Habib's, which serves Arab food. The number of PIOs in Brazil has been augmented in recent years by the arrival of nuclear scientists and computer professionals. Brazil is a predominantly Christian country with Islam being a minority religion, first brought by African slaves and then by Lebanese and Syrian immigrants. In May, media reported Federal Senate President Davi Alcolumbre was the target of anti-Semitic harassment on social media. Instability and war associated with the creation of theSokoto Caliphate generated thousands of Hausa slaves, many of them rival soldiers. The country is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. It has a population exceeding 212.2 million, including the world's second-largest Muslim population. Today, there are officially 204,000 Muslims recorded in Brazil. People following Islam are present in decent proportion in almost all states of India. The largest communities reside in Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba, and Foz do Iguacu, as well as in smaller cities in the states of Parana and Rio Grande do Sul. [4] Until recently Catholicism was overwhelmingly dominant. The essence of the Muslims of Bahia was to support the cause of emancipation, regardless of their ethnoreligious background. It cited what it said were a lack of investigations and arrests in these cases. The first 'large' wave of Muslim immigration, primarily coming from Syria and Lebanon, occurred in the mid-20 th century . African-Influenced Candomble Challenged by Pentecostals, Modern Interpretations", Decreased the number of Catholic and African religions. Changes in the 21st century have led to a growth in secularism (no religious affiliation), and to Evangelical Protestantism, at 31% of the population. Available: http://issuu.com/globalprayers/docs/dias-islamic-presence-in-brasil?e=3165689/5487854#search. 49% Pray for the intercession of a saint (68% among self-declared Catholics). As of 2017, Rio de Janeiro's Jewish population was 22 000, with 24 active synagogues and So Paulo has a Jewish population of 44,000. . On Thursday evening, a 25-year-old Algerian migrant was arrested in the 4th arrondissement of Marseille, France. The Mal revolt, which took place on the last Sunday of the Islamic holy month of Ramadhn, was largely influenced by Islamic thought. [1], In 2022, according to the denomination, Brazil had 909 879 Jehovah's Witnesses with 12 439 congregations and a ratio of 1 Witness to 238 residents. The Ambassador stated the embassy and consulates were closely following threats to religious minorities in the country and underlined the importance of religious freedom. But in recent years, it has been granting immigration visas only in high technology fields. It was introduced among the Native Brazilians by Jesuits missionaries and also observed by all the Portuguese first settlers. Hindu religious leader Rajan Zed accused national fashion brand Jon Cotre of religious insensitivity and sacrilege for using the image of Lord Ganesh, a Hindu deity, in its line of shorts. [33] As of 2017, Rio de Janeiro's Jewish population was 22 000, with 24 active synagogues and So Paulo has a Jewish population of 44,000.[33]. According to FAMBRAS, there was an increase in anti-Muslim messages on the internet, mostly associating Islam with terrorism and spreading messages of hate against Muslim representatives and their religious symbols. [6], The Muslim uprising of 1835 in Bahia illustrates the condition and legacy of resistance among the community of Mals, as African Muslims were known in 19th-century Bahia. Muslims with a total population of 209 million (2021) forms the second-largest community in India. Groups constituting less than 2 percent of the population include Hindus, Sikhs, Baha'is, and those adhering to various traditional religious beliefs. "We hope the young Muslims generation in Brazil will perpetuate the charity activities we are carrying out now," Saifi said, adding, "Brazil is a huge country with 8.5 million square-meter land and a population of 180 million people. They make up. Among the state capitals, Teresina has the largest proportion of Catholics in the country (86.010%), followed by Aracaju, Fortaleza, Florianpolis and Joo Pessoa.[17][18]. Many of the "Mals" had been soldiers and captives in the wars between Oyo, Ilorin and other Yoruba city-states in the early part of the 19th century. Friedman, Saul. These principles of freedom that were established in the faith act as inspiration. Joo Jos Reis, Slave Rebellion in Brazil: The Muslim Uprising of 1835 in Bahia (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1993). Muhammad Abdullah al-Ahari, The Caribbean and Latin America, Islam Outside the Arab World, eds. There are also sizeable populations of many Protestant religions. Areas that received many European immigrants in the last century, specially Italian and German, have Catholic traditions closer to that practiced in Europe. This page was last edited on 14 January 2023, at 16:08. (You know how that goes.) At years end, police continued to investigate the case. the largest slave rebellion in . Muslim slaves were largely victim to the political circumstances in what is present-day Nigeria. The only exceptions are the Sindhis in Manaus (who have formed an Indian Association with about a hundred members) and the Goans in So Paulo. [24] The LDS Church now also has 6 temples spread out across the nation, in Campinas, Curitiba, Manaus, Porto Alegre, Recife, and So Paulo, with additional temples under construction or announced in Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro, Belm, Braslia, and Salvador. In this poll, 64% reported to be Catholics, 17% Pentecostal Protestants, 5% non-Pentecostal Protestants, 3% Kardecists or Spiritists, 3% followers of other religions, 7% non-religious or atheists. 2020 Brazil (red) Young population Indicator: 20.6 Total % of population 2021 Brazil % of population: Total % of population 2002-2021 Brazil (red), OECD - Total (black) Total . Nashville: Vanderbilt UP, 2002, p. 35, Hanson, Carl A. In a series of tweets responding to the criticism, Araujo publicly rejected anti-Semitism and stated his comments were taken out of context. In fact, many researchers project that Muslims will outnumber Christians by the year 2050. Ingvar Svanberg and David Westerlund (New York: Routledge, 1999), pp. The political-administrative division of the municipalities accompanied the hierarchical division of the bishoprics in "freguesias" (parishes). 2010 Census, "2010 Population Census - General characteristics of population, religion and persons with disabilities (Portuguese)", - 50% dos brasileiros so catlicos, 31%, evanglicos e 10% no tm religio, diz Datafolha. If considered non-Christian, Spiritism would be by far the largest non-Christian religion in Brazil; if considered as a Christian religion, it would be the third largest denomination after Roman Catholicism and the Protestant Assemblies of God. Prominent Jewish organizations publicly stated their outrage at what they considered anti-Semitic comments made by high level government officials. Candombl terreiros have similar practices, and there are a number of festivals that occur yearly specially in the Northeast, with celebrations such as the famous Iyemanja Festival and the Waters of Oxala. During the 1992 Earth Summit, which was held in Brazil, the international and local Bah community were given the responsibility for organizing a series of different programs, and since then the involvements of the Bah community in the country have continued to multiply. Fearing the example might be followed, the Brazilian authorities began to watch the mals very carefully and in subsequent years intensive efforts were made to force conversions to Catholicism and erase the popular memory of and affection towards Islam. According to the Bahia State Secretariat of Racial Equality, there were 10 instances of religious intolerance in the state between January and August, compared with 34 instances in the comparable period in 2019. [citation needed] Nevertheless, Japanese Brazilian culture has a substantial Buddhist influence. During the year, the Inter-Religious Forum for a Culture of Peace and Freedom of Faith, an entity of the Sao Paulo State Secretary of Justice and Citizenship with representatives from 22 religious groups, established a partnership with the Sao Paulo Court of Justice to create a panel to mediate and resolve religious conflicts. Glenda Tibe Bonifacio and Vivienne S. M. Angeles (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2010), pp. All over the country, but mainly in the Amazon rainforest, there are many Indians still practicing their original traditions. The President of the Rio de Janeiro Jewish Federation gave an interview to the news outlet Rede Globo in July condemning the inappropriate use of Jewish symbols. On October 8, embassy representatives hosted a roundtable with representatives from three religious faiths and two interfaith organizations to discuss the state of religious freedom and raise concerns about attacks on religious minorities. In an August 14 appeal decision, the court returned custody to the mother. The first Jews arrived in Brazil as cristos-novos (New Christians) or conversos, names applied to Jews or Muslims who converted to Catholicism, most of them forcibly. There are also significant numbers of Iraqis, Palestinians and Albanians. [17] A recent Muslim source estimated that there are close to 10,000 Muslim converts living in Brazil. The host made a public apology on live television, but the network did not take action. [34] The Federation of Muslim Associations of Brazil estimates there are about 1.5 million Muslims and others say about 400,000 to 500,000. In February, the Pew Research Center published findings on attitudes towards democratic principles, such as regular elections, free speech, and free civil society as well as religious freedom, in 34 countries, based on interviews it conducted in its Spring 2019 Global Attitudes Survey. [20][21], The Eastern Orthodox Church is also present in Brazil. Muslim Americans are primarily concentrated in major metropolitan areas, particularly in the New York City area. During colonial times, there was no freedom of religion. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CCIR organized virtual seminars and debates from August 27 to September 27. Punishments range from a warning letter to fines of up to 82,000 reais ($15,800). COVID-19 restrictions delayed the formation of the panel. These include neo-Pentecostals, old Pentecostals and Traditional Protestants (most of them Baptists, Presbyterians and Methodists) predominantly from Minas Gerais to the South. [27][28] In recent years measures have been taken to counter religious conflict.[27]. Which countries have the largest Muslim populations in the world? Uzair Ahmed is a research fellow at the Center for Research on Extremism at the University of Oslo. The first wave of Sephardic Jews was exceeded by the larger wave of immigration by Ashkenazi Jews that came at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, mainly from Russia, Poland, Belarus and Ukraine. About the sentence "Umbanda is a Devil thing", 57% agreed (83% among. In contrast, 2020 saw the Brazilian population grow just 0.72%. There are an estimated 1.57 billion Muslims - nearly a quarter of the world's total population. Spiritism is a religion, founded in the 19th century by the French educator Allan Kardec, which proposes the study of "the nature, origin, and destiny of spirits, and their relation with the corporeal world". The largest communities reside in Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba, and Foz do Iguacu, as well as in smaller cities in the states of Parana and Rio Grande do Sul. 97% of Brazilians reported to believe in God; 2% have doubts and 1% do not believe in God. Pittsburgh: Sankore'. Many countries in these regions are more than 90% Muslim, including Egypt, Afghanistan, Syria, Pakistan, Turkey, and Iran. Most live in So Paulo and operate thriving Islamic community centers and mosques. Buddhism was introduced to Brazil in the early twentieth century, by Japanese immigrants, although now, 60% of Japanese Brazilians are now Christian due to missionary activities and intermarriage. The current Muslim population of Brazil is made up largely of Syrian, Lebanese, and Palestinian Arabs and their descendants with smaller numbers of African migrants and Brazilian converts. This syncretism, coupled with ideas prevalent during the military dictatorship, has resulted in a church for the secular, based on philosopher Auguste Comte's principles of positivism, based at the Positivist Church of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro. Religious groups are not required to register to establish places of worship, train clergy, or proselytize, but groups seeking tax-exempt status must register with the Department of Federal Revenue and the local municipality. However, the Brazilian republican government legalized all of them on the grounds of the necessary separation between the State and the Church in 1889. Hatia, who also runs a language school, felt that the approximately 50 Muslim families in Campinas were in dire need of some community organization to help provide cohesion and direction for the Muslims. The rebellion had nationwide repercussions. There followed a period of growth with the arrival of coordinated pioneers from the United States finding national Brazilian converts and in 1961 an independent national Bah community was formed. [3], The history of Muslims in Brazil begins with the importation of African slave labor to the country. A 2020 poll indicates that around 50% of Brazilians consider themselves Catholic, down from 90% in 1970. By 2030, the world's total Muslim population is expected to increase by 35 percent over its 2010 level, to 2.2 billion people. [10][11] In the 2010 census,[1] 64.63% of the population declared themselves as Catholic, 22.2% as Protestant, 8% as non religious, and 5.2% as followers of other religions (mostly Spiritists or Kardecists who follow the doctrines of Allan Kardec, Umbandists, Candomblers, Jehovah's Witnesses, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and minorities of Buddhists, Jews, Muslims, and other groups). Between 1991 and 2012, approximately 1.7 million Muslims entered the United States as legal permanent residents. Brazil has many versions of Protestantism. In June, several media outlets published a video recording of Palmares Foundation President Sergio Camargo verbally harassing a religious leader and coordinator for promoting policies and protection of religious diversity. During the attack, they posted images of Adolf Hitler and his followers marching with the Nazi flag. "50% dos brasileiros sao catholicos, 31%, evangelicos e 10% nao tem religiao" says Datafolha, Patrcia Birman, and Mrcia Pereira Leite. While Muslims can be found in all corners of the world, some countries have larger Muslim populations than others. 03 / Select Countries You can add more than one country or area. The CCIR and CEAP organized a series of seminars and debates at Rio de Janeiros Federal Justice Cultural Center to discuss respect for, and tolerance of, religious diversity, including countering religious persecution against practitioners of Afro-Brazilian religions. Though there is a tolerance of other faiths, no efforts are made to accommodate said faiths. Media reported individuals set fire to, bombed, and destroyed Afro-Brazilian places of worship, sometimes injuring or threatening worshippers. World Muslim Population : 1950 - 2020 H. Kettani Economics The purpose of this manuscript is to present a reliable estimate of the Muslim population and its percentage in each country throughout the world from 1950 to 2020. Muslims are followers of the religion Islam, who believe in and live by the teachings of the prophet Muhammad. The federal police opened an investigation of the case. As of the year 2000, the largest proportion of Protestants was found in North (19.8%), Central-West (18.9%) and Southeast (17.5%) regions. [13] During the past 30 years, Islam has become increasingly noticeable in Brazilian society by building not only mosques, but also libraries, arts centres, and schools and also by funding newspapers. These religions have suffered increasing hostility from Protestant churches, with attacks on temples and defacement of statues of the gods. 10. Aminah Beverly McCloud, Scott W. Hibbard and Laith Saud (Malden: Blackwell Publishing Limited, 2013), pp. p27. Either way, Brazil boasts the second largest Jewish . In August, the embassy held a virtual roundtable with four speakers, including a representative of an Afro-Brazilian community known as a quilombo (founded by runaway slaves), who discussed the challenges for members of the community who participate in religious events in the terreiro. The most popular religions in Brazil are outlined below. According to Terreiro Icimimo, at years end, authorities had not identified or arrested any of the vandals. [14] A number of mosques dot the greater So Paulo area, the oldest and most popular of these being found on Avenida do Estado. Less than 1% reported to follow Afro-Brazilian religions.[41][42][43]. In January, President Jair Bolsonaro dismissed Culture Minister Roberto Alvim after Alvim included in remarks excerpts from a speech by Nazi propagandist Joseph Goebbels. Almost all Brazilian Muslims (99,2%) have been living in urban areas. On January 21, municipalities around the country commemorated the National Day to Combat Religious Intolerance. Brazilian religions are very diversified and inclined to syncretism. The tension between various Muslim groups, particularly Shi'a vs Sunni, has occasionally led to armed conflict and terrorist activity. By Pew in 2010, there are 204,000 Muslims in Brazil, representing 0.1% of total population. A majority of the two groups are believed to be Muslim. Many of their beliefs and use of naturally occurring plant derivatives are incorporated into African, Spiritualists and folk religion. On October 8, embassy representatives hosted a roundtable with representatives from three religious faiths and two interfaith organization representatives to discuss the state of religious freedom in the country and raise concerns regarding attacks on religious minorities. Though facing little friction overall, there are accounts of Pentecostals verbally harassing Muslims, particularly women wearing Islamic dress. In 1673, 140 prisoners were taken from a Rio de Janeiro fleet, while a 1674 capture of a Brazilian ship contributed in the decision to increase naval protection. Muslim population growth from 610 to 2020 CE. In 610 CE, Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) started preaching Islam: God is One", that complete "submission" (Islm) to God is the right way of life (dn), and that he was a prophet and messenger of God, similar to the other prophets in Islam starting from Adam. A consulate representative met with Candomble priest and head of the Commission to Combat Religious Intolerance (CCIR) Ivanir dos Santos to learn about the challenges faced within the Candomble community due to the COVID-19 pandemic, new cases of religious intolerance involving followers of Afro-Brazilian religions, and possible areas in which the United States could serve as a partner for promoting religious freedom. In October, the Ambassador met with Minister of Women, Family, and Human Rights Damares Alves to raise concerns regarding reports of Christian missionaries attempting to contact isolated indigenous tribes with the aim of converting them to Christianity, noting concerns about their culture, health, and desire to remain isolated. Percentage of Muslim Population by Country: Middle-East North Africa - 91% Central Asia - 89% Southeast Asia - 40% South Asia - 31% Sub-Saharan Africa - 30% Asia-Oceania - 25% Europe - 6% Americas - 1% A global ADL survey, released in June, showed the percentage of Brazilians who harbor some anti-Jewish sentiment increased from 19 percent in 2019 to 26 percent in 2020. LONDON -Fewer than half of people in England and Wales now count themselves as Christian, after a big increase in people with no religion, while the share of the population who identify as white has dropped, new census data showed on Tuesday. The Constitution of Brazil guarantees freedom of religion and strongly prohibits the establishment of any religion by banning government support or hindrance of religion at all levels.[4]. In 1835, Salvador had a population of 65,000 inhabitants, forty percent of whom were enslaved or freedmen. Contributing to one of the most influential slave revolts in South American history, it is clear to see the impact that African Muslim slaves had on the journey to the emancipation of African communities and the end of colonisation. Evangelical Protestantism and Pentecostalism has grown very rapidly in Brazil since the late 20th century. A user said, Jews are miserly. [13] The number of Umbandists and Candomblers could be significantly higher than the official census figure, since many of them continue to this day to disguise their religion under "Catholic" syncretism. ", IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica (Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics). 2007-2020 Brazil (red), OECD - Average (black) 15-19 year-old men % in same age group 2021 OECD - Average (black) Find all indicators on Education. As of 2017, there are about 1.8 billion Muslims in the world, according to the Pew Research Center; together, they make up nearly one-fourth of the world's population, making Islam the world's second largest religion after Christianity. In fact, in the 1971 census, the Muslim growth rate went down from 32.48 to 30.78. SRI LANKA- It has about 2 Million Muslims out of the total population. 75% reported to believe in the Devil, 9% have doubts and 15% do not believe in the Devil. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 2020 Report on International Religious Freedom, Section II. The general fear that the authorities held was that the influx of slaves post-1835 would follow the example of the Mal people and conduct successful emancipation campaigns. However, the United States, in which estimates . The reports stated that he and several other persons drove vehicles into the middle of the groups religious celebrations. Architecture and cuisine also bear the trademarks of the culture brought to the hemisphere by the Arabs. 66% That priests should be allowed to marry (59% among Catholics and 94% among followers of Candombl). Pittsburgh: Sankore'. The Campinas mosque now holds regular Friday juma'at prayers. According to the findings, 82 percent of Brazils respondents considered religious freedom to be very important, ranking it among the highest of their priorities for democratic principles of nine cited. This can be seen via the latest official census with figures stated previously. Most of the reports involved discrimination but did not specify what kind. According to the 2010 census, approximately 35,200 Muslims live in the country, while the Federation of Muslim Associations of Brazil estimates the number to be 1.2 to 1.5 million. The NGO Center for Articulation of Marginalized Populations (CEAP) reported Afro-Brazilian victims of religious intolerance in Rio de Janeiro State continued to view police and the judiciary as being indifferent, in general, to attacks on Afro-Brazilian places of worship. Police identified who ordered the plot and who participated in the attack, and authorities pressed charges against seven individuals, including the alleged leader of the group, Alvaro Malaquias Santa Rosa. It consisted of university professors who arrived in the 1900s and also in the 1970s. However, in recent years both Chinese Mahayana and South East Asian Theravda sects are gaining popularity. A spokeswoman for the company apologized and said, Our intention was never to trivialize or offend. The Sao Paulo-based brand removed ads from its website and stopped producing the shorts. Jos Reis, J (1995). Cristina Maria de Castro, The Construction of Muslim Identities in Contemporary Brazil (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2013). According to the Jewish Confederation of Brazil, there are approximately 125,000 Jews in the country. In May, former Minister of Education Abraham Weintraub compared a Federal Police operation against fake news to Kristallnacht. From January to August 2019, the Federation recorded 194 incidents. Updated on October 24, 2018. In September, social media blogger Monique Elias posted online that she was a victim of religious intolerance. On October 4, 2020, President Russell M. Nelson announced that the church would build a second temple in So Paulo.[26]. The beginning traces of the Islam can be found during the 18th century with the arrival of slaves from West Africa, where the religion was already being widely practised, to the point of having established Islamic empires that spanned the Northern and Western regions of Africa. Transaction Publishers, 1997. In 1891, when the first Brazilian Republican Constitution was set forth, Brazil ceased to have an official religion and has remained secular ever since, though the Catholic Church remained politically influential into the 1970s. [30] The original building remains to this day,[31] but the Jews were forced to leave Brazil when the Portuguese-Brazilians retook the land in 1654.[32]. In July, the Federal Prosecutors Office sent a formal request to the mayor to provide his version of events. muslim population in brazil 2020 by | Jan 1, 2022 | literal vs nonliteral examples As of the end of 2020, the total number of foreign nationals in Germany had risen by 1.8 per cent, the lowest rate in the last decade (German Federal Statistics Office, 2021b). The revolt came as a result of forced conversions to Catholicism. During the year, high level government officials made public remarks that religious minorities considered derogatory. 2010 Census, "Os caminhos do Isl no Brasil [The paths of Islam in Brazil]", "Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor International Religious Freedom Report 2009", "Loving Muslims Through Prayer Brazil's Muslim Peoples", Islam in the Americas by Florida International University research-led team, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Brazil&oldid=1131520825, Articles with dead external links from November 2020, Articles with incomplete citations from November 2020, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 January 2023, at 14:09. These principles of freedom that were established in the muslim population in brazil 2020 persons drove into! 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