We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. Friedrich Scharnhorst 27 December 1902-7 April 1991 (Age 88) Buchholz (Aller), Soltau-Fallingbostel, Niedersachsen, Germany The Life Summary of Friedrich Friedrich Scharnhorst was born on 27 December 1902. [14] At 16:07, lookouts aboard Scharnhorst spotted the vessel, and less than an hour later Scharnhorst had closed the range. Estorff recognized Scharnhorsts talents and appointed the young officer as an instructor at the regimental school he had created in 1770. Friedrich Wilhelm did not appoint him as the commander of the main Prussian Army fighting Napoleon in Silesia. [51], The ship struck another mine off Terschelling on the starboard side at 22:34. Scharnhorst crew. Less than ten minutes later, a shell from Gneisenau struck the bridge and killed Glorious's captain. The British carried out a series of attacks that were all unsuccessful; Scharnhorst's anti-aircraft guns were red-hot by the end of the action, and one 20mm gun had burst from the strain. At around the time the last turbine was restarted, a single bomber dropped several bombs approximately 90m (98yd) off Scharnhorst's port side, which caused no damage. He was tragically killed by Prussian soldiers in battle. Hon deltog i slaget vid Barents hav 1942 och i slaget vid Nordkap 1943. Share this memorial using social media sites or email. The explosion killed or injured 34 men and prompted the crew to flood the magazines for turret Caesar as a precaution against a magazine explosion. Repair work lasted until July, which caused the ship to be unavailable during Operation Rheinbung, the sortie by the new battleship Bismarck in May 1941. He ruled as an enlightened Prince over his tiny-but-independent principality of some 20,000 people, north of Hanover. The Education of the Enlightened Soldier. MCU Journal Vol. [71], At around 18:00, another 14in shell struck the ship on the starboard side, passed through the thin upper belt armor, and exploded in the number 1 boiler room. Liaison officers were present on all three ships. At the end, you will find the essay On Experience and Theory written in 1804. The Scharnhorst family was not noble; they were free peasants, and his father served as a non-commissioned officer in the Hanoverian Army. Just like Clausewitz later, Scharnhorst wished more than anything to assume command. When the king finally switched sides in the spring of 1813, Scharnhorst swiftly unfolded the plans for mass mobilization prepared by his circle. Scharnhorst was a prominent World War 2 capital ship, the lead of her class, cited as either a light battleship or a battlecruiser. Clausewitz, as Donald Stoker states, thoroughly imbibed the history-based analytical method of Scharnhorst.[19]. [54], On 25 November 1943 Scharnhorst carried out a two-hour full-power trial achieving 29.6 knots (54.8km/h; 34.1mph) and it was noted that her draught had increased by over 0.5 metres (1.6ft) from her 1940 trials where she had attained 31.14 knots (57.67km/h; 35.84mph). He passed away on 29 APR 1889. Sorry! [7] He also began publishing journals, first Militair Bibliothek (1782-1784), then Bibliothek fr Officiere (1785), and finally the most famous, Neues Militrisches Journal (1797-1805), aiming at those interested in broadening their understanding of the military profession. Praise for Death in Focus In 1808, Prince August became the head of the Prussian artillery and together with Scharnhorst worked on reorganizing and modernizing the branch. [74] Fraser then ordered Jamaica and Belfast to move into range and finish the crippled ship off with torpedoes. [7][77] The ship sank in approximately 290m (950ft) of water. Yet, he is primarily known as a teacher and mentor to the Wests most influential strategic thinker, Carl von Clausewitzespecially among those less versed in German language and history. Friedrich Scharnhorst (1734 - 1803) How do we create a person's profile? The ship reached Brest later that day and went into dry dock for repairs, which took 4 months. [46] By 06:30, they had passed Cherbourg, at which point they were joined by a flotilla of torpedo boats. There was an error deleting this problem. The design also enabled the ship to be up-gunned with six 15-inch guns, which never took place. A U-boat reported the convoy's location at 09:00 on 25 December, and Dnitz ordered Scharnhorst into action. Fuel shortages prevented major operations for the next six months, during which Scharnhorst was able to conduct only short training maneuvers. Richard John Scharnhorst was born on month day 1895, at birth place, Illinois. Carl von Clausewitz. [10] Carl von Clausewitz, On War, edited and translated by Michael Howard and Peter Paret (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989), 141. Try again later. In 1792, he published Militrisches Taschenbuch, zum Gebrauch im Felde, a tactical field guide that would influence several generations of German-speaking officers. The intent of the operation was to draw out British units and ease the pressure on the heavy cruiser ("pocket battleship") Admiral Graf Spee, which was being pursued in the South Atlantic. The aft radar, which possessed only a limited forward arc, was the ship's only remaining radar capability. An officer with extraordinary talents and intellect, and an even more remarkable fate, Scharnhorst forever changed the path of the Prussian Army, molded the idea of the Prusso-German General Staff, and forged some of the most influential concepts in the realm of military theory and practice. Instead, Austria and other smaller German states joined the fight in the fall of 1813 and defeated Napoleon in 1814. Erich Bey, by now promoted to Konteradmiral, was given command of the task force. [54] During the operation, Scharnhorst destroyed a battery of two 76mm (3.0in) guns and shelled fuel tanks, coal mines, harbor facilities, and military installations. Der Frieden von Tilsit beendet den Vierten Koalitionskrieg . German aircraft arrived later to jam British radar with chaff. Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. The Royal Navy joined in the attacks on the ship by sending the battleship Rodney and the aircraft carrier Ark Royal. However, infection subsequently developed, and, on June 28 in Prague, he unexpectedly died. [15] Reinhard Hhn, Scharnhorsts Vermchtnis (Frankfurt am Main: Bernard&Graefe Verlag, 1972), 312-313. [35] Throughout the operation, Scharnhorst had difficulties with the superheater tubes in her boilers. Scharnhorst), Circa 1719 - Hannverschen, Bremen, Prussia, Mar 28 1752 - Eggestedt, Lesum Parish, Bremen, Prussia, Becke Margrethe Gloistein (born Scharnhorst), Eggestedt, Schwanewede, Osterholz, Lower Saxony, Germany, Death of Friedrich Ludewig Scharnhorst at Eggestedt. The intention was to deploy the vessels to Norway to interdict Allied convoys to the Soviet Union. The shell hit jammed the turret's training gears, putting it out of action. She was the lead ship of her class, which included her sister ship Gneisenau. [13] They were joined by the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper. These three hits caused significant flooding and an 8degree list to starboard. The so-called "Channel Dash", codenamed Operation Cerberus, would avoid the increasingly effective Allied radar and patrol aircraft in the Atlantic. Six 53.3cm (21in) above-water torpedo tubes, taken from the light cruisers Nrnberg and Leipzig, were installed in 1942. In 1800, he accepted Friedrich Wilhelm IIIs offer of elevation to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and ennoblement. The mine briefly knocked out the power system and temporarily disabled the rudders. The Hudsons dropped thirty-six 227lb (103kg) armor-piercing bombs, which all missed. The next spring, Scharnhorst moved to Berlin. This is a carousel with slides. After locating a large submerged object, the research team then used the Royal Norwegian Navy's underwater recovery vessel HNoMSTyr to examine the object visually. At 18:32 Scharnhorst (as the closer ship) opened fire with her main armament on Glorious, at a range of 26,000m (28,000yd; 16mi). Scharnhorst, from a portrait by Friedrich Bury (Britannica). Vanya Eftimova Bellinger and The Strategy Bridge would like to thank Air Universitys Muir S.Fairchild Research Information Center for its support for this project. They were joined by Admiral Hipper and four destroyers. On the 8th, a serious internal explosion occurred in the aft auxiliary machinery space above the armor deck. After a day of steaming west, the ships turned south and rendezvoused with Admiral Hipper on 12 April. [16], At 09:15 the following morning, Admiral Hipper was detached to reinforce the destroyers at Narvik, which had reported engaging British forces. In the classroom, Scharnhorst emphasized the need for young military professionals to develop their abilities, based on solid education and independent thinking, to face complex and unexpected problems. Bey planned to attack the convoy at 10:00 on 26 December if the conditions were favorable for the attack. [29] The ship's machinery was also significantly damaged by the flooding, and the starboard propeller shaft was destroyed. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. [13], Following the completion of repairs, Scharnhorst went into the Baltic Sea for gunnery training. According to Clausewitz, Scharnhorst was one of the first to realize that most of the key technological and tactical changes were present before the French Revolution; it was the political upheaval that multiplied their destructive capacities. But most people haven't heard of Operation Berlin, the time 2 German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau successfully broke out and raided the convoy lanes and influenced Bismarck's fateful mission. Friedrich calls Lansing, MILansing, MI Close this window, and upload the photo(s) again. [17] Henry Kissinger, A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh, and the Problems of Peace, 1812-1822 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1973), 49. [32] Scharnhorst managed to sink only one ship during the encounter, the 6000 ton tanker Lustrous. With only turret Caesar operational, all available men were sent to retrieve ammunition from the forward turrets to keep the last heavy guns supplied. In just three months, from a population of less than five million, Prussia had a force of approximately 130,000 troops ready for deployment, and by fall boasted some 270,000.[18]. [31], Ltjens then decided to move to a new area, as the surviving members of the dispersed convoy had sent distress signals. He received a wound in the foot in the Battle of Grossgrschen on May 2, 1813, not serious enough to stop him from traveling on a diplomatic mission. To add a flower, click the Leave a Flower button. 1807 in anderen Kalendern. [27][28] Acasta also hit Scharnhorst's forward superfiring turret with her 4.7" QF guns, which did negligible damage. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. Vice Admiral Otto Ciliax, Scharnhorst's first commander, was given command of the operation. At 19:45, the ship went down by the bow, with her propellers still slowly turning. [62], On 22 December Dnitz ordered Bey to be ready to go to sea on a three-hour notice. [2] We will offer the first English translations of some of these texts. Ltjens ordered Hoffmann to rejoin the flagship immediately. [32], On 6 February, the two ships refueled from the tanker Schlettstadt south of Cape Farewell. Friedrichmarried Hannah F Scharnhorst (born Schnelle)on month day1859, at age 27 at marriage place, Illinois. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 199), 85-108. Captain Otto Ciliax , Captain of the German battleship 'Scharnhorst', carries out an inspection of the crew, circa 1939. Thanks for using Find a Grave, if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you. Her secondary armament consisted of twelve 15cm (5.9in) L/55 guns, eight of which were placed in two-gun turrets and the remaining four were carried in individual turrets. The most famous act of the turbulent era, the Oktoberedikt from 1807, aimed at overhauling the ineffective and backward Prussian agrarian system and releasing the economic and patriotic energies of its subjects. [67] By 12:00, Scharnhorst was to the northeast of the convoy, but Belfast had reestablished radar contact; it took the cruisers twenty minutes to close the range and begin firing. Husband of Margrete Scharnhorst Admiral Marschall detached Admiral Hipper and the four destroyers to refuel in Trondheim, while he would steam to the Harstad area. Many of these hits had badly damaged the ship's secondary armament, which left her open to destroyer attacks, which Fraser ordered. [75] British ships began searching for survivors, but were soon ordered away after just a few were pulled out of the water even though voices could still be heard calling for help from the darkness. In early 1813, with Napoleons return to Central Europe and the Tsars troops in hot pursuit, Prussia faced a perilous choice. [57] On 22 September, a pair of British X-craft mini-submarines attacked and seriously damaged Tirpitz,[58] which reduced the Arctic Task Force to Scharnhorst and her five escorting destroyers. Family inheritance and improvement in social status allowed Scharnhorsts parents to dream big for their son, though. When the officer in the General Staff has received a good education in times of peace, in times of war he will quickly become useful in many roles. No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. [25] The two destroyers attempted to cover Glorious with smoke screens, but the German battleships could track the carrier with their radar. [72], In September 2000, a joint expedition to find the sunken battleship conducted by the BBC, NRK, and the Royal Norwegian Navy began. In early April, Scharnhorst, Tirpitz, and nine destroyers conducted a training mission to Bear Island in the Arctic Ocean. As a famed officer enjoying offers from other German states, Scharnhorst began negotiations with Prussia for a transfer. Four Allied capital ships, the British Hood, Nelson and Rodney, and the French Dunkerque, followed in pursuit. No one knew how well he would perform in a real war, however. In 1808, the commission announced sweeping measures, including: appointments based on meritocracy and a phasing-out of the nobilitys privileged access over the officer corps; a new emphasis on education and training; and abandonment of the most severe corporal punishments. At 16:00 on 14 March, Scharnhorst dropped anchor in Bogen Bay outside Narvik. The shell struck the carrier's upper hangar and started a large fire. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. In the Seven Years War (1757-1763), Count Wilhelm commanded the allied artillery of Prussia, Hanover, England, and Schaumburg-Lippe, and also played a significant role in the French defeat in the Battle of Minden in 1759. Please enter a valid Memorial ID. He is a male registered to vote in Ingham County, Michigan.