what are the 7 virtues in the bible

7 synonyms, 7 pronunciation, 7 translation, English dictionary definition of 7. noun. Honor the emperor. Prudentiuss seven heavenly virtues were the opposite of the sins: chastity, faith, good works, concord, sobriety, patience, and humility. Patience: Pursuit of Peace. . From this character flows his righteousness wherein he always acts consistently with his moral nature . But, of course, they are also intimately connected to and find their expression in our relationships with others . Do not be slothful in zeal, be fervent in spirit, serve the Lord. For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life. The seven heavenly virtues are faith, hope, charity, fortitude, justice, temperance and prudence. Nor should they condone or celebrate them in other believers. You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies; you anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows. These four virtues not only appeared in Aristotles (384322 BC) Nicomachean Ethics and Platos (c. 427347 BC) Republic, but also in intertestamental literature like The Wisdom of Solomon a book that was included by Alexandrian Jews in first century BC editions of the Greek translation of the Old Testament.4 According to Wisdom 8:7, If anyone loves righteousness, her labors are virtues (aretai); for she teaches self-control and prudence, justice and courage; nothing in life is more profitable for men than these.. Let each of you look not only to his own interests, but also to the interests of others. 19 See R. H. Mounce, Cardinal Virtues, Seven, in Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, ed. U As a teen in Sunday School, I used to make a joke with the rest of my class, making the same statement at the end of every lesson. The Bible would validate all of these concepts, but nowhere are they recorded in a list like this and nowhere in the Bible are they specifically referred to as the seven deadly sins or seven virtues. Aquinas also argued that Christian virtue was more than the Greek philosophers quest for self-improvement. We can find the last three (kindness, patience, and humility) listed as part of the fruit of the Spirit in Galatians 5:22-23. You have heard that it was said, You shall not commit adultery. But I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman with lustful intent has already committed adultery with her in his heart. Kindness: Pursuit of Charity. They look for good. The Seven Its successor, Windows 8, requires a processor with SSE2 and NX in any supported architecture. , Ryan Griffith (PhD, The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary) is Vice President of Strategic Initiatives, Chief of Staff, and Associate Professor of Church History at. They consist of the four natural virtues, those But Peter and the apostles answered, We must obey God rather than men. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God. But in the same way the seven capital sins provide a diagnostic for disordered affections, the seven heavenly virtues provide a framework for spiritual formation. Dont Miss: Chronological Order Of The Bible. For example, gentleness is not a very admirable trait if it stems from a heart seeking immoral things. OpenBible.info The Vatican version includes the following: prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance, faith, hope, and charity. The seven heavenly virtues, however, remain more foreign to contemporary readers than the more familiar seven deadly sins. 5 Things Christians Need to Know about the Lake of Fire. The Law of Spirit of Life breaks the Law of Sin and Death. We are, instead, looking for tools that others have used effectively to transform their lives for the better. If I speak in the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I am a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal. I appeal to you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship. 3. The cure for these sins is the gift of a new heart that acts in accordance to the love and law of God. Here are some of our most popular articles covering Christian terms to help your journey of knowledge and faith: The Full Armor of GodThe Meaning of "Selah"What is a "Concubine"?Christian Meaning of HumilityWhat Is Grace? And by recovering these tools for the modern church, we are better equipped to present ourselves holy and acceptable to God, which is our spiritual worship (Romans 12:1). The disposition of justice and goodness must permeate all other moral attributes, such as joy, conscientiousness, faithfulness, peace, kindness, gentleness thus, I must be mixed with love, i.e., the best interests of the people involved. Not as the world gives do I give to you. Thus, a tension emerged between the seven deadly sins and the seven heavenly virtues. W Catch up on shows you have missed or stream online. Wisdom is applied holiness and love. Also there is unRAR license restriction for some parts of the code. Web7. And he poured out the coins of the money-changers and overturned their tables. Concord, the New Testament instruction for church unity, is vitally important (the New Testament firmly warns against the opposite sin: discord or division). In the temple he found those who were selling oxen and sheep and pigeons, and the money-changers sitting there. In one scheme, the Seven Virtues are based on the three spiritual virtues listed by Saint Paul in 1 Corinthians Faith, Hope and Charity, followed by. The traditional understanding of the difference between cardinal and theological virtues is that the latter are not fully accessible to humans in their natural state without assistance from God. But since we belong to the day, let us be sober, having put on the breastplate of faith and love, and for a helmet the hope of salvation. Ayn Rand describes seven virtues: rationality, productiveness, pride, independence, integrity, honesty and justice. The four cardinal virtues were first defined by 4th-century theologian Ambrose as "temperance, justice, prudence, and fortitude". We have all of your favourite Channel 7 shows in one place. Walter A. Elwell , 193 W. N. Kerr, Virtue, Virtues, in Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, ed. The seven heavenly virtues are an ancient Western Christian tradition that describes how God would have us live. Jin Benevolence, Compassion. The seven deadly sins were first compiled by Pope Gregory I around the year 600. 2. When Paul laments his inability to do what is right under the Covenant of the Law, he cries out, Who can save me? We are slaves to the law of Sin and Death (Romans 7:14-25). What is the highest virtue? Bible Meaning and Examples. For they will deliver you over to councils, and you will be beaten in synagogues, and you will stand before governors and kings for my sake, to bear witness before them. Most people in the world have no experience of lasting joy in their lives. If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all without reproach, and it will be given him. The other holy virtues are created through selfless pursuits:Valour: Pursuit of KnowledgeGenerosity: Pursuit of CharityLiberality: Pursuit of WillDiligence: Pursuit of EthicsPatience: Pursuit of PeaceKindness: Pursuit of LoveHumility: Pursuit of Modesty In Christian tradition, the seven heavenly virtues combine the four cardinal virtues of prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude with the three theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity . The seven capital virtues, also known as contrary or remedial virtues, are those which stand opposed to the seven deadly sins. [1], Prior to Ambrose, these four qualities were identified by the Greek philosopher Plato as the necessary character traits of a good man, and were discussed by other ancient authors such as Cicero. However, these virtues can be vague, mystical, or harder to define. He has a podcast about the Kingdom of God called Kingdom Over Coffeeand is a published author withSay Yes: How God-Sized Dreams Take Flight. Whoever abides in me and I in him, he it is that bears much fruit, for apart from me you can do nothing. New virtues needed to be written to go along with the revised sins. Some modern courthouses have those ten rules posted for all to see. J People believe that these particular sins led to spiritual and The new seven deadly sins became lust, gluttony, greed, sloth, envy, wrath, and pride. Two of the oldest religions have similar codes. Meiyo Honor. Courage. Similarly, fortitude fears neither danger nor labor.9, Aquinas also argued that Christian virtue was more than the Greek philosophers quest for self-improvement. Seven Capital Virtues And The Seven Capital Sins. Christians fight the schemes of their adversary clothed in gospel armor and equipped with spiritual weaponry (Ephesians 6:1020). Surely vexation kills the fool, and jealousy slays the simple. For I too am a man under authority, with soldiers under me. Men and women arrested by the call of Scripture to live in holiness and service to others found it increasingly difficult to do so in a church in cultural captivity. If you love me, you will keep my commandments. The seven capital virtues (also known as the contrary or remedial virtues)[6] are those thought to stand in opposition to the seven capital vices (or deadly sins). The centuries-old tension Prudentius felt between the two lists, persists. The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want. Spes (Hope) 3. Additionally, the New Testament almost always places the characteristics of true spirituality alongside the descriptions of the sins the believer is to flee.7. We cant know the minds of the popes and religious leaders of the day. Traditionally, the seven Christian virtues or heavenly virtues combine the four classical cardinal virtues of prudence, justice, temperance, and courage (or In AD590, the seven capital vices were revised by Pope Gregory I, which led to the creation of new lists of corresponding capital virtues. Therefore, we shouldnt abandon either approach to spiritual formation. And Peter said to them, Repent and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. People believe that these particular sins led to spiritual and physical death. The Catholic Church focuses highly on the seven virtues as a means of combatting the seven deadly sins and thus overcoming the evil within us. Robert Audi , 103 Plato, Republic, bk. The Fruit of the Holy Spirit is a biblical term that sums up nine attributes of a person or community living in accord with the Holy Spirit, according to chapter 5 of the Epistle to the Galatians: But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. The Seven Heavenly Virtues: Faith, Hope, Charity, Fortitude, Justice, Temperance, Yet we still have violence, sin, and a divided world. Despite his fathers love and care and good advice, despite the reinforcement of the conscience, Pinocchio was drawn away by the temptations of fame, fortune, and personal desires. These are important biblical concepts to Christianity. Finally, brothers, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is commendable, if there is any excellence, if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things. Even the Bible has an ancient code of morality. In the poem, as in the life of the believer, vainglory is defeated by humility, lust by chastity, anger by patience, and so on. The Buddhist Eightfold Path includes right views, thoughts, speech, action, livelihood, effort, and morality. , Gregory the Great, Morals on the Book of Job, 33.45.87. He leads me beside still waters. But the greatest of these is love. Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted. You have been faithful over a little; I will set you over much. It is motivated by a desire for single-minded worship of God and holiness (for it helps guard against greed and idolatrya holiness which itself springs from a love for God and is accompanied by joy, not a hatred for all desire and passion. What are the 7 moral virtues? The Seven Corporal Works of Mercy are a medieval list of things you can do But his delight is in the law of the Lord, and on his law he meditates day and night. How do the virtues relate to knowing Gods will? Because I live, you also will live. Each of the seven nations of Thassilon was said to have its own thriving capitol, but most have been lost to time. Because of these dangers, candidates for membership in the early church were rigorously examined to ensure a clear understanding of the gospel and prepare them for the possibility of martyrdom. Now there are varieties of gifts, but the same Spirit; and there are varieties of service, but the same Lord; Or do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? And now these three remain: faith, hope, and love. Delight yourself in the Lord, and he will give you the desires of your heart. Give us each day our daily bread, and forgive us our sins, for we ourselves forgive everyone who is indebted to us. In the world you will have tribulation. Alternative forms [ edit] The following are equivalent forms as digits: Arabic (Eastern) numerals: Arabic (Western) numerals: 7 Assamese numerals: Balinese numerals: Bengali numerals: Brahmi numerals: Chakma numerals: Now when Jesus learned that the Pharisees had heard that Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John (although Jesus himself did not baptize, but only his disciples), he left Judea and departed again for Galilee. The other holy virtues are created through selfless pursuits: Valour: Pursuit of Courage and Knowledge. The Bible would validate all of these concepts, but nowhere Gregorys use of warfare imagery likely reflects the influence of Prudentiuss Psychomachia. The virtues replaced were faith, good works, and concord. 1:9 And I pray this, that your love may abound even more and more in knowledge and every kind of insight1:10 so that you can decide what is best, and thus be sincere and blameless for the day of Christ, 1:11 filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ to the glory and praise of God. (Aurelius Prudentius Clemens, Psychomachia). What are the overarching Christian virtues and how do they relate to other virtues. See Evagrius, The Praktikos and Chapters on Prayer, trans. In Psychomachia, a graphic poem in the style of Virgils Aeneid, Prudentius squares off each of Cassians vices with the personified biblical virtue that could defeat it in the Christians battle for holiness. As distinct from the cardinal virtues which we can develop, the theological virtues are the perfection of human powers given by the grace of God. Like the cardinal virtues, an individual who exercises these virtues strengthens and increases them, i.e., they are more disposed to practice them. This article is part of our Christian Terms catalog, exploring words and phrases of Christian theology and history. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. You search the Scriptures because you think that in them you have eternal life; and it is they that bear witness about me. Read 7-Zip License information. I am the true vine, and my Father is the vinedresser. "[3] The word "love" (agape in Greek) is translated in the King James Bible as "charity". Gregory the Great, Morals on the Book of Job, 33.45.87. 4:21 He was fully convinced that what God promised he was also able to do. Ayn Rand describes seven virtues: rationality, productiveness, pride, independence, integrity, honesty and He leads me in paths of righteousness for his name's sake. 4. As mentioned before, the list of seven deadly sins in question does not appear in any Bible verse. Why will you still be struck down? Seven-virtues definition The sacred counterparts of the seven deadly sins: chastity, temperance, generosity, diligence, patience, kindness, modesty. It was her teachings of rune magic that gave the empire its power. God is holy in the sense that he is both unique, i.e., there is no one else like him, and he is completely free of evil and infinitely good. Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. Let not your hearts be troubled, neither let them be afraid. Power does not come from self to change the heart. This will be your opportunity to bear witness. In some cases, churches looked as decadent as the surrounding culture. Prudentius, writing in the 5th century, was the first author to allegorically represent Christian morality as a struggle between seven sins and seven virtues. We must work the works of him who sent me while it is day; night is coming, when no one can work. E Some people would argue this means that it doesnt matter what religion we follow. For it is better that you lose one of your members than that your whole body go into hell. Furthermore, efforts in the Middle Ages to set the Seven Heavenly Virtues in direct opposition to the Seven Capital Sins are both uncommon and beset with difficulties. Yet a little while and the world will see me no more, but you will see me. We, body and spirit, have desires that are at odds with one another until Christ our Lord comes to help. Generations of faithful Christians have used the language of heavenly virtues and deadly vices as means for growing in grace. They have forsaken the Lord, they have despised the Holy One of Israel, they are utterly estranged. As believers, we believe that certain acts are wrong and others are right, based on Scripture and Christian teaching. All rights reserved. In the poem, as in the life of the believer, vainglory is defeated by humility, lust by chastity, anger by patience, and so on. The church underwent massive transformation as Christianity transitioned from a persecuted sect to the predominant religion of the Roman Empire. WebIn the Bible. For on him God the Father has set his seal.. Dont Miss: What Does The Bible Say About Sexuality Before Marriage. The seven capital virtues (also known as the contrary or remedial virtues) are those thought to stand in opposition to the seven capital vices (or deadly sins). Put on the whole armor of God, that you may be able to stand against the schemes of the devil. Dont Miss: Biblical Definition Of Sanctified. And now these three remain: faith, hope and love. His master said to him, Well done, good and faithful servant. So now faith, hope, and love abide, these three; but the greatest of these is love. But seven principal vices, as its first progeny, spring doubtless from this poisonous root; namely, vainglory, envy, anger, melancholy, avarice, gluttony, lust. All is vanity. The seven capital virtues, also known as contrary or remedial virtues, are those opposite the seven deadly sins. Christians believe in good. Pinocchio (the animated original, not the new live-action) is more than a morality play. Twenty-three vice lists are found in the New Testament: Matthew 15:19; Mark 7:2122; Romans 1:2931; 13:13; 1 Corinthians 5:1011; 6:910; 2 Corinthians 6:910; 12:2021; Galatians 5:1921; Ephesians 4:31; 5:35; Colossians 3:5, 8; 1 Timothy 1:910; 2 Timothy 3:25; Titus 3:3; James 3:15; 1 Peter 2:1; 4:3, 15; Revelation 9:21; 21:8; 22:15. Jiminy Cricket is tasked with being the conscience to help Pinocchio know right from wrong. And the story begins. Contact me: openbibleinfo (at) gmail.com. Those familiar with the seven deadly sins might wonder why the list differs from the one they know. Following St. Augustine, Aquinas also recognized a separate but related type of moral virtue which is also infused by God. You can use 7-Zip on any computer, including a computer in a commercial organization. They can also be found in the Jewish Book of Wisdom, which states that wisdom "teaches moderation and prudence, righteousness and fortitude, and nothing in life is more useful than these."[2]. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. And there are problems with this parallelism. also 1 Corinthians 13, which contains the three theological virtues and demonstrates the remarkable concatenation of virtue). Nevertheless, despite the widespread influence of Prudentiuss poem in the medieval period, the seven heavenly virtues not a list of opposing virtues to contrast the deadly sins endured as a lasting framework for spiritual formation. The term virtue comes from the Latin translation (virtus) of the Greek word meaning moral excellence (arete). Therefore, preparing your minds for action, and being sober-minded, set your hope fully on the grace that will be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ. Wisdom is the virtue of discerning the true nature of people and circumstance, how these relate to the salvation Christ offers, and therefore what to do in any situation. Written by Aurelius Clemens Prudentius, a Christian governor who died around AD 410, it entails the battle between good virtues and evil vices. Gandhi wrote his own Seven Deadly Sins: politics without principles, wealth without work, pleasure without conscience, knowledge without character, commerce without morality, science without humanity, and worship without sacrifice. And be thankful. A digit in the decimal system of numbering, as well as octal, and hexadecimal. The cardinal virtues are listed in the deuterocanonical book Wisdom of Solomon, which in 8:7 reads: "She [Wisdom] teaches temperance, and prudence, and Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus, who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. Q Bushid The Seven Virtues of The Samurai Gi Justice, Rectitude. But is it really? virtue, in Christianity, any of the seven virtues selected as being fundamental to Christian ethics. WebGalatians 5:22-23 ESV / 7 helpful votes Helpful Not Helpful But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control; against We need the power of Heaven to live the virtues of Heaven. Abide in me, and I in you. All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, Visit the Bible online to search for words if you dont know the specific passage yourre looking for. Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you. New Testament passages And so I tell you, any sin and blasphemy can be forgiven. Some parts of the code are under the BSD 3-clause License. 4. As the branch cannot bear fruit by itself, unless it abides in the vine, neither can you, unless you abide in me. Sinai around 1450 B.C. The Bible would validate all of these concepts, but nowhere are they recorded in a list like this and nowhere in the Bible are they specifically referred to as the seven deadly sins or seven virtues. The seven heavenly virtues were derived from the Psychomachia ("Contest of the Soul"), an epic poem written by Aurelius Clemens Prudentius (c. AD 410) entailing the battle of good virtues and evil vices. The heavenly virtues are manifestations of Heavens culture another realm. These things I have spoken to you, that my joy may be in you, and that your joy may be full. Christian leaders like Ambrose of Milan (c. 340397) thought the four classical virtues reflected what the Scriptures taught as the cardinal excellencies upon which all other moral virtues in the Christian life hinged (Latin cardo means hinge).5 They added to these the three transcendent theological virtues identified by Paul in 1 Corinthians 13:13: So faith, hope, and love abide, these three; but the greatest of these is love. Augustine (354430) argued that the four cardinal virtues ultimately grew out of the greatest theological virtue, love: . Finally, he is just and his justice requires that all men live in accordance with the Law which he established. Therefore stay awakefor you do not know when the master of the house will come, in the evening, or at midnight, or when the rooster crows, or in the morning lest he come suddenly and find you asleep. ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true}); Additionally, Galatians 5:19-21 mentions several more sins to be on our guard against: Now the deeds of the flesh are evident, which are: immorality, impurity, sensuality, idolatry, sorcery, enmities, strife, jealousy, outbursts of anger, disputes, dissensions, factions, envying, drunkenness, carousing, and things like these, of which I forewarn you, just as I have forewarned you, that those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God. The seven heavenly virtues, and all of the morals expressed in the Scripture, are good and true. The Christian virtue of self-control is the consistent ability to say no to our appetites and to live in moderation. Oh how I love your law! Prudentius, writing in the 5th century, was the first author to allegorically represent Christian morality as a struggle between seven sins and seven virtues. They are described as "human virtues" in the Catholic Catechism. But before all this they will lay their hands on you and persecute you, delivering you up to the synagogues and prisons, and you will be brought before kings and governors for my name's sake. I came that they may have life and have it abundantly. Now concerning spiritual gifts, brothers, I do not want you to be uninformed. Vanity of vanities, says the Preacher, vanity of vanities! John Eudes Bamberger (Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, 1972), 16; John Cassian, Conference of Abbot Serapion on the Eight Principal Faults, NPNF, 2nd series (1885; repr., Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1996), 11:339); John Cassian, The Twelve Books on the Institutes of the Cnobia and The Remedies for the Eight Principal Faults, NPNF, 2nd series, 11:233290). The seven heavenly virtues are faith, hope, charity, fortitude, justice, temperance and prudence. The Five Pillars of Islam are faith, prayer, alms (giving to the poor), fasting, and pilgrimage to Mecca. For the section describing virtues, see the Catechism of the Roman Catholic Church, III.7.18031829, accessed August 14, 2021, https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P64.HTM. , Dont Miss: What Dies The Bible Say About Masterbation, Finally, brethren, whatever things are true, whatever things are honorable,whatever things are just, whatever things are pure, whatever things are lovely, whatever things are of good report, if there is any virtue and if there is anything praiseworthy, meditate on these things.Letter of Paul to the Philippians 4:8. Biblical MeaningWhat is Fornication?Meaning of Shekinah GloryWhat is Discernment? 4. Following the pattern of Scripture, the church also sought to find ways to capture the virtues that characterize new life in Christ. Temperance . Bible Meaning and Examples, California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Increased morality is superficial and cant dig deep enough to fix the disease. Patience is also a skill. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. WebGregory also compiled a list of the seven virtues: faith, hope, charity, justice, prudence, temperance, and fortitude. Buddhism has five virtues (wisdom, kindness, patience, generosity, and compassion). Thus, a tension emerged between the seven deadly sins and the seven heavenly virtues. He makes me lie down in green pastures. Professing faith in Christ, therefore, was a sober and serious commitment. [10] According to historian Istvn P. Bejczy, "the capital vices are more often contrasted with the remedial or contrary virtues in medieval moral literature than with the principal virtues, while the principal virtues are frequently accompanied by a set of mirroring vices rather than by the seven deadly sins". 7-Eleven is your go-to convenience store for food, snacks, hot and cold beverages, gas and so much more. They do not pre-date the Ten Commandments which were given at Mt. It was in this setting of intense disciple-making that virtue and vice lists were freshly developed. V The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. The infused moral virtues are connected to the theological virtue of Charity. The Vatican version includes the following: prudence, justice, fortitude. The enormous popularity of this work in the Middle Ages helped to spread the concept of holy virtue throughout Europe. There are six things that the Lord hates, seven that are an abomination to him: haughty eyes, a lying tongue, and hands that shed innocent blood, a heart that devises wicked plans, feet that make haste to run to evil, a false witness who breathes out lies, and one who sows discord among brothers. Restate the thoughts in the notes in a different and memorable way. Christianity is no different on this point.
Bobby Hatfield Vocal Range, Thonotosassa Obituaries, How Did Laura Canales Die, Articles W