Metallic connections to a telecommunication network would need to be evaluated in accordance with IEC 62368-1 or IEC 60950-1. var __gaTracker = function () { } Credit:3.00 unit(s)Related Certificate Programs:Power Systems Engineering. __gtagTrackerOptout(); return null; GNERO console.log(""); hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; IEC 60950-22 for Outdoor Information Technology and Communication Circuits, As both IEC 60950-1 and IEC 62368-1 standards reference IEC 60950-22 as a supplemental standard for equipment installed outdoors. Email was arguably the killer app that most enabled the propagation of high-speed internet. The total cost of a stronger transmission system would be about US$82 billion over the next decade. } For the operating temperature, the temperature at which an uncontrolled exotherm will occur under plant conditions is first defined. } S. M. Amin, Securing the electricity grid, Bridge, vol. AMI introduces serious privacy concerns, as immense amounts of energy use information will be stored at the meter. Identity theft threat. Energy storage systems are utilized for managing the peak power demand of the consumer load prole by discharging power during peak hours. Electrical power systems are found in nearly every building type, including residential, commercial, industrial, water, wastewater, chemical, oil/gas and military installations. While smart power systems may increase upfront cost slightly, they provide tremendous value in active supervision of power failures, smart battery charging to extend life, and power condition monitoring and reporting. A smart grid is literally an "intelligent" electricity grid. The Safe Operating Area of Power MOSFET is given here: All the maximum voltage and current ratings and power dissipation are conveniently brought together in the safe operating area diagram. 'developer_id.dNDMyYj': true, The results of a 2007 McAfee survey highlight the pervasiveness of such attacks. The threats posed by insiders are real, as is the risk of a Trojan horse embedded in the software of one of more of the control centers. This is extremely important, since the consequences of an attack are directly proportional to the length of time the service is disrupted. __gaTracker.create = newtracker; var disableStrs = [ Next Step: After completing this course, consider taking other courses in the Power Systems Engineering certificate program to continue learning. }; This may mean putting telecommunication protectorsprimary (voltage) or secondary (power-cross) at each end of a campus-run communication conductor where there exist an exposure to lightning or to accidental contact with electric power conductors. }; This is based on logarithmic plot of drain current against Drain-to-Source voltage as shown in the figure. If we agree to take a modular approach to evaluating the safety of the smart-grid technology equipment, then IEC 62368-1 will be well-suited for providing the plug-in modules for evaluating the safety of the information technology and communication circuitry portion of the smart grid equipment. ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL VS. THOMAS EDISON The security of cyber and communication networks is fundamental to the reliable operation of the grid. In this dual operating system, the existing hierarchy, people, and management largely remain. Finally, no matter how many layers of security or how much sophistication is used in defense mechanisms, it is essential that the industry hire qualified people. As a trusted and reliable manufacturer of power products, we make it our goal to bring you quality devices that you can count on. Likewise, through smart grid-enhanced energy efficiency, by 2030 carbon dioxide emissions from the electric sector would be reduced by 58%. Another way to protect your security system from outages is to upgrade or move to a smart power system, especially for any new construction. Likewise, other product applicable safety modules, such as requirements for outdoor equipment, can serve as supplements or overlays to the base meter standard in this case. However, if islanding prevention fails, energized lines within the island present a shock hazard to unsuspecting utility line workers who think the lines are dead.[6]. As these infrastructures have grown more complex in order to handle increasing demands, they have become increasingly interdependent. A 2008 survey by the Computer Security Institute and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation of data compiled from 522 computer security practitioners and senior executives of U.S. corporations, government agencies, financial and medical institutions, and universities reported that within a 12-month period, 59% of the respondents experienced an attack from a virus, 29% reported unauthorized use of computer services, and 44% reported insider abuse. 'eventLabel': arguments[4], window[disableStrs[index]] = true; In many complex networks, the human participants themselves are both the most susceptible to failure and the most adaptable in the management of recovery. Residual C urrent E lectrical F ire M onitoring D etector. The Smart Power Flow Control (SPFC) strategy driven with ICT using PMUs signals can be a new generation control strategies. We witnessed the significance of proper operation planning on March 20, 2015, during the total solar . Fast switchover. /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ No electrician needed. A smart power system gives its users intelligible monitoring and maintenance of the power being driven to your security system. } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; The report concluded: Terrorists could emulate acts of sabotage in several other countries and destroy critical [power system] components, incapacitating large segments of a transmission network for months. These include: In addition, AMI systems will need to be defended against more traditional cyberthreats such as mobile and malicious code, DoS attacks, misuse and malicious insider threats, accidental faults introduced by human error, and the problems associated with software and hardware aging. The trend of connecting electrical control systems to the Internet exposes all layers of a system to possible attack. Three of the dissimulation techniques described are: Likewise, three of the simulation techniques described are: Deception will need to play a key role in smart grid defense mechanisms. The Internet, computer networks, and our digital economy have all increased the demand for reliable and disturbance-free electricity; banking and finance depend on the robustness of electric power, cable, and wireless telecommunications infrastructure. Figure 2 shows the percentage of terrorist attacks aimed at each of the major grid components. The mission of the IEEE Power & Energy Society is to be the leading provider of scientific and engineering information on electric power and energy for the betterment of society, and the preferred professional development source for its members. Research findings suggest that human and organizational factors do affect computer and information security performance in a multilayered fashion. As a result, cybersecurity is just as important as physical security, if not more so. J. Clemente, The security vulnerabilities of smart grid, J. According to IEC 62368-1, Annex I (also IEC 60950-1, Annex Z), electricity meters and communications ITE for remote electricity metering are considered to be examples of Overvoltage Category IV equipment, or equipment that will be connected to the point where the mains supply enters the building. In order to defend electric infrastructure against the impacts of cyber and physical attacks, significant challenges must therefore be overcome before extensive deployment and implementation of smart grid technologies can begin. New technologies called Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) sample voltage and current many times per second at a given location, providing a snapshot of the power System at work. As identified from the risk assessment, safe operating methods define a process that aims to develop and implement workplace-specific safety systems for work, equipment . While all electrical systems share the same basic . The Smart Power System is available in two sizes: SPS-600 (600W . Thus, with smart grid, there is the potential to modernize and advance the architecture of the power systems technology in the 21st century, as the newer technology has already advanced the telecommunications technology. Another key value of a smart power system is the ability to remotely and safely recycle power. 'eventAction': 'page_view', Without a doubt, the expectation from the power generation and transmission industry is realization of efficiencies. /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. task 4 4.1 investigate (a) safe operation of smart power system (b) operation of standalone and grid connected renewable energy systems 4.2 discuss the features of smart grid network 4.3 determine the importance of power electronics in smart grid and energy storage and analyse how power electronic converters are used in smart grid networks 4.4 Despite some similarities, the electric power grid is quite different from gas, oil, and water networks: phase shifters rather than valves are used, and there is no way to store significant amounts of electricity. NY, Move the DC breaker on the side of the machine up to the "ON" position. It recognizes smart-grid technology as the merger of power generation, distribution, metering and switching equipment with communication, information technology, and with new user applications. It uses a 32-bit microcontroller to effectively monitor the fire hazards that may occur in the protected electrical circuit due to leakage, temperature, and current overload, and handles the remaining current in real time. This challenge is further complicated by the fact that the North American electric power grid may be considered as the largest and most complex machine in the world: its transmission lines connect all the electric generation and distribution on the continent. All rights reserved. } Due to the increasingly sophisticated nature and speed of malicious code, intrusions, and DoS attacks, human responses may be inadequate.Figure 4 shows the evolution of cyberthreats over the last two decades and the types of responses that can be used to combat them effectively. IEEE Power & Energy Society. var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; safe operation of a smart power system. Such arguments have led to the recent moratoriums on AMI installations in numerous northern California communities and other areas throughout the country. 'page_path': arguments[2], if (len === 0) { The Handbook of Research on Smart Power System Operation and Control is a collection of innovative research on the theoretical and practical developments in smart power system. Mr. Gies has become a leading subject matter expert for his company in the field of global product safety compliance, working primarily with Alcatel-Lucents wireless base station equipment. return new Tracker(); This translates into a need for much greater creepage and clearance isolation distances, as well as much higher electric-strength withstand voltages. Smart Touch sealed touch pads provide operator interactive capabilities; manual override/control We would not expect any commercial or government establishments to give away free electricity, so we should expect to see the rise of pay-for-use charging stations, integrating technologies such as electrical metering, switching, information technology, telecommunications, and currency-handling technology. 'eventValue': 'event_value', __gaTracker.apply(null, args); Their latest technology also allows for remote maintenance of the system, eliminating the need for costly and time-consuming on-site servicing. The potential ramifications of network failures have never been greater, as the transportation, telecommunications, oil and gas, banking and finance, and other infrastructures depend on the continental power grid to energize and control their operations. } var Tracker = function () { As an increasing amount of electricity is generated from distributed renewable sources, the problem will only be exacerbated; the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has concluded that generating 20% of all electricity with land-based wind installations will require at least 20,000 square miles. This file is auto-generated */ if (! An additional defense mechanism is the use of deception. window.ExactMetricsDualTracker = { 3, pp. Deception consists of two possible techniques: dissimulation (hiding the real) and simulation (showing the false). And they must also be robust as they will be deployed in very insecure locations. IEC 62368-1 is the new hazard-based safety engineering standard covering audio/video, information and communication technology equipment. Human System Interactions, Catania, Italy, 2009, pp. Call twitch soundtrack search. 93, no. sensing, communication, data management, and mathematical and theoretical foundations to support a better, faster, and higher-confidence understanding of what is going on, leading to improved state and topology estimation and fast look-ahead simulation. The smart grid unlocks greener models. Design Features. Current practice is to apply an upgrade or patch only after SCADA vendors thoroughly test and validate it, and this sometimes causes deployment to be delayed by several months. In fact, its primary feature is to automatically gather information on variations in operating conditions and parameters such as voltage and consumption for different nodes connected to the grid. 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