My daughter is stationed at Dover. The aircraft commander briefly directed the engineer to compute brake temperature limits, something apparently prominent in the copilots considerations. The Aviation Safety Network is an exclusive service provided by: The C-5B Galaxy, operating for the 436th AW, took off from Dover AFB (DOV) at 06:21 on its way to Kuwait. There were unusual considerations, to be sure. RC Jets - C-5 Crash at Dover - I will tell you. [68] The C-5 remains the largest aircraft to operate in the Antarctic,[69] capable of operating from Williams Field near McMurdo Station. In the summer of 1998, a Dover reserve crew C-5 experienced a stall and fall on approach to the tiny atoll of Diego Garcia in the middle of the Indian Ocean. [53], Takeoff and landing distance requirements for the plane at maximum-load gross weight are 8,300ft (2,500m) and 4,900ft (1,500m), respectively. Golden Boy senses what is coming and says, in profound understatement, Guys, Im concerned.. Yes, the storied accident chain of events had begun, heavyweight coupled with engine loss, but need not have gone farther. Viewing the throttle position gauge showed three engines advancing, but this meant only the throttle position advancing, not necessarily the engine. While it would be hard to confuse an engine failure between #1 and #4, it could easily be confused between #2 and #3, and it was. These instruments presented a Throttle position indicator above an engine performance indicator. Garrard, Wilfred C. "The Lockheed C-5 Case Study in Aircraft Design". But I was wondering if they were FEBd, quit flying, still at their airline jobs? The cargo compartment was 17.2ft (5.24m) wide by 13.5 feet (4.11m) high and 100ft (30.5m) long with front and rear access doors. You must log in or register to reply here. Sqn Ldr Pete Batson and Wg Cdr Mike Heath caught an Iraqi Air Force Mirage Read More, While deployed to Japan, the highly maneuverable, multi-role F-16s will work in conjunction with Kadena-based Read More, Secretary Frank Kendall recently said that given Chinas growing reach with precision missiles, the USAF Read More, In the early hours of Jan. 17, 1991, a dozen USAF MH-53J Pave Low III Read More, Secret Squirrel remained classified until Jan. 16, 1992, when the aircrew members and maintainers who Read More, A number of Sukhoi Su-35 Flanker fighter jets will be delivered to Iran from Russia Read More, Flying the Line: An Air Force Pilots Journey and Flying the Line: An Air Force Pilots Journey Volume Two: Military Airlift Command, Vipers join Raptors, Eagles at Kadena: F-16CM jets from Spangdahlem support the on-going phased return of Kadenas fleet of F-15C/D aircraft to the US, USAF needs Stealth Tankers to Survive Chinese Missiles, Secretary of the Air Force Frank Kendall Says, Iranian lawmaker says Russia will begin delivery of Su-35 fighter jets to Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force from March, MiG Eater! Suddenly the table and the students began retreating away from her as the fuselage began to open up. Required fields are marked *. He protested to the crew that this was unacceptable, that, as an emergency aircraft, he should have priority! The nose section separated due to the impact. crazy. That, unfortunately, can only be done by lowering the nose, which the pilot flying cannot do without crashing. ", "Vital US military technology has been lost to new Iranian regime. [7] At the time, GE's engine concept was revolutionary, as all engines before had a bypass ratio less than two-to-one, while the TF39 promised and would achieve a ratio of eight-to-one, which had the benefits of increased engine thrust and lower fuel consumption. In that previous episode, a heavyweight C-5 had landed long, not been expeditious in slowing the aircraft initially, and had to apply maximum braking to avoid going off the end of the shorter Dover Runway (Rwy 01/19). Yet, as we know, it did. This made them a two-engine heavyweight aircraft without enough power to save themselves. A passenger loadmaster in the troop compartment slid down the emergency slide and walked forward to the cockpit to help one of the pilots painfully come down the crew ladder to the ground. 2 engine "Thrust Reverser Not Locked" indication light. US military crash investigators' video simulation of C-5 Galaxy Dover crash leaked to public domain. Bay doors at both nose and tail open to enable "drive-through" loading and unloading of cargo. The pilots and flight engineers continued to use the shut-down No 2 engines throttle while leaving the fully-operational number three engine in idle; The crew failed to use a proper flap setting; The pilots attempt to fly a visual approach to runway 32 resulted in the aircraft descending well below the correct glidepath; The commander failed to give a complete approach briefing that would have included non-standard factors, configuration, landing distance and missed approach intentions. Just speculation on my part. Yet, it seemed to be the main worry of the pilots, instead of the power problems of a three-engine airplane and ensuring the proper flap setting. ", "The Gulf airlift has moved only the tip of the spear. Disputes arose almost immediately since this was a reserve crew with an active duty copilot, who was female. Hawker 800 crash in Owatonna, MN in a Thunderstorm, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Factor #2 (In my view, the crucial, fatal error in the sequence) The aircraft commander became indignant at being delayed because of a ground problem with the fire trucks. They shut down the No. Although there are many theories of the failures in this episode, I zero in on the aircraft commander, my protg I had hired and protected for many years before I retired. A local. ", "Thursday, 01 January 1970 Sunday, 31 December 1989. A passenger loadmaster in the troop compartment slid down the emergency slide and walked forward to the cockpit to help one of the pilots painfully come down the crew ladder to the ground. Flight tests revealed that the aircraft exhibited a higher drag divergence Mach number than predicted by wind tunnel data. The Fora platform includes forum software by XenForo, VerticalScope Inc., 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada. [12][13] Boeing lost the military contract but went on to develop the successful 747 civilian airliner with over 1,500 aircraft built when manufacturing ended in 2022 after 54 years of production. For a crew with several greatly experienced individual members, these obstacles should not have provided significant difficulty. ", "Air Force C-5 Galaxy modernization program certified. All 17 people aboard. One with a permanently injured back and the other is confined to a wheelchair due to no feeling below the knees. The hot-brake imperative that seized the crew could have been overcome during the discussions of the emergency checklists that, catastrophically, were not run. The cockpit, as previously state, hit the ground at 35 gs. A passive load-reduction system, involving uprigged ailerons, was incorporated, but the maximum allowable payload was reduced from 220,000 to 190,000lb (100,000 to 86,000kg). [49], As of 2014[update], Lockheed is investigating drag reduction by plasma-heating of turbulent transonic airflow in critical points, saving overall weight by reducing fuel consumption. The instructor loadmaster was seated against the bulkhead facing rearward looking across the table at her two students. A stall occurs at 18 degrees. [59][60], C-5s have also been used to deliver support and reinforce various US allies over the years. This information is not presented as the Flight Safety Foundation or the Aviation Safety Networks opinion as to the cause of the accident. During the return, the pilots and flight engineers continued to use the shut-down No. Two years later, a Dover C-5 crashed into a muddy field a mile short of Runway 32 at Dover AFB. My problem is that it's always interesting to speculate the cause. We provide news, data, analytics and advisory services to connect the aviation community globally and help organisations shape their business strategies, identify new opportunities and make better decisions faster. Doc No. This meant a partial flap landing should be made to ensure enough power was available to use for both the landing or if a go-around was necessary. [23] Production was nearly brought to a halt in 1971 as Lockheed went through financial difficulties, due in part to the C-5 Galaxy's development, as well as a civilian jet liner, the Lockheed L-1011. The C-5B includes all C-5A improvements and numerous additional system modifications to improve reliability and maintainability. [2] By late 1963, the next conceptual design was named CX-X. This caused the fuselage to crack at the bulkhead that runs through the wall at the rear of the bunk rooms in the crew compartment. It incorporated all modifications and improvements made to the C-5A with improved wings, simplified landing gear, upgraded TF-39-GE-1C turbofan engines and updated avionics. Specialists roped off the area with caution tape to preserve the scene until a safety investigation board completes its task. The Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) starts its emergency call out: Too low, terrain! and Dont sink. Data from Quest for Performance,[128] International Directory of Military Aircraft,[129] and USAF fact sheet[130], 51,150USgal (42,590impgal; 193,600l), Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era, American heavy military transport aircraft. [26] In contrast, the Soviet Union chose to transport its shuttles using the high-winged An-225,[27] which derived from the An-124, which is similar in design and function to the C-5. Aircraft weight was a serious issue during design and development. The C-5 stalled, hit a utility pole and crashed into a field. The C-5M Super Galaxy is an upgraded version with new engines and modernized avionics designed to extend its service life to 2040 and beyond. During one such mission, a C-5A crashed while transporting a large number of orphans, with over 140 killed. lchant@thekmgroup.co.uk. c-5 crash landing avoidance scenerio, not intended as a joke, but as a trial attempt to improve the event, visually so far, as this is not simulated using a. The nose and aft cargo-bay doors open the full width and height of the cargo bay to maximize efficient loading of oversized equipment. 67-0172 was destroyed during a ground fire at, On 17 October 1970, C-5A AF Serial No. Suddenly the table and the students began retreating away from her as the fuselage began to open up. [11][19] Due to the C-5's troubled development, the Department of Defense abandoned Total Package Procurement. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Three C-5 Galaxy aircraft have been lost in crashes along with two class-A losses resulting from ground fire, with a combined total of 169 fatalities. Television/web photo show the plane it be in two large pieces with the entire nose/cockpit area separated from the fuselage . His crucial mistake, as I have said, took place when approach control directed he would be placed on vectors to await the delayed fire trucks deployment. They shut down the No. The first flight of a C-5 with AMP (85-0004) occurred on 21 December 2002. PROBABLE CAUSE: "Based on clear and convincing evidence, the Board President determined the primary cause of the mishap was the pilots' and flight engineers' failure to use the number three, fully operational, engine; the instructor's and primary flight engineer's failure to brief, and the pilots' failure to consider or utilize a 62.5 or 40% flap setting (instead of a 100% flap setting); and the pilots' attempt at a visual approach to runway 32, descending well below a normal glidepath for an instrument-aided approach or the normal VFR pattern altitude of 1,800 ft. So, he is now low and slow and does not have the power to recover on two engines. The 22-year-old C-5B, tail number 84-0059, was on a routine mission stopping first at Ramstein Air Base, Germany with Kuwait as its final destination. [34] There was no immediate word on fatalities. Silence now ensues as the plane slows and nears both a stall and the ground. Some of the few passengers and crew in the rear troop compartment initially thought the plane had merely made a hard landing. Plane in 3 pieces doesn't look that bad.. 17 on board, Emergency shoots deployeed.NOW ON FOX NATIONAL. [2] USAF studies showed that high-bypass turbofan engines were needed for thrust and fuel efficiency requirements.[3]. With no deaths reported, military officials are cleaning the crash site and are convening a board of officers to investigate the cause of the accident. She was telling me that once again the media was pretty stupid about the whole thing. 2 engine "Thrust Reverser Not Locked" indication light. The C-5 is among the largest military aircraft in the world. ", "Lockheed considers Textron merger; Profitable division Iranian offer is reported. Would it not make sense for aircraft manufacturers to put some kind of flip open lid or small little hidden away sliding cover on the top that, hidden away underneath, has yellow/black stripes or red. As the C-5 crew turned back toward Dover AFB in response to their engine malfunction, they could little realize they were about to fly to controversy, aviation lore, and disaster. Just before the crash, the engineers had just recognized on private interphone the several factors that had been confused but, as one of them said, Well, it is too late now., Photo credit:Doug Curran / U.S. Air Force, Artworkcourtesy ofAircraftProfilePrints.com. Second, at this heavyweight, no more than a six-feet-per-second descent rate should be used so the stress of the heavyweight on the landing gear would be reduced on touchdown. The C-5 is also used to transport Marine One. At the time of the first flight, the weight was below the guaranteed weight, but by the time of the delivery of the 9th aircraft, had exceeded guarantees. In that time, the airlifter supported US military operations in all major conflicts including Vietnam, Iraq, Yugoslavia, and Afghanistan, as well as allied support, such as Israel during the Yom Kippur War and operations in the Gulf War. Due to cracks found in the wings in the mid-1970s, the cargo weight was restricted. He had enough fuel to circle for hours to get his ducks in a row, but instead, in a fit of pique, made the fatal error to turn to final. I would think if you lost say # 1 and 2 one would be running out of rudder really quick. FAQ; Search ", "Travis Heritage Center acquires AF's largest static display", "Off to the Boneyard for Westover's last C-5A", "NASA SP-468: Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft. General Duane H. Cassidy, former MAC Commander in Chief[4], The criteria were finalized and an official request for proposal was issued in April 1964 for the "Heavy Logistics System" (CX-HLS) (previously CX-X). They shut down the engine as a precaution and returned to Dover AFB. Qubec City Jean Lesage International Airport, Mystic-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle, List of active United States military aircraft, "Boeing CX-HLS Model at Boeing Corporate Archives 1963/64", "B747 CX-HLS ", "C-5A Foe says Pentagon stripped him of duties", "A Whistle-blower on the C-5A Gets a New Life", "General asks U.S. to share Lockheed loss", "Jumbo Jet will ferry Space Shuttle Piggyback across U.S", "C-5A jet repairs to cost 1.5 billion; Pentagon outs outlay to fix Wing Defects at 1.3 Billion as 'Overruns' continue", "Iran may fund new production of Lockheed C-5. An 0-4 C5 guy told me that all 3 of the pilots were permanently removed from AF flying status. A second consideration was the instrument presentation. ", Upgraded C-5M Super Galaxies gain IOC designation, "Lockheed Martin C-5M Super Galaxy Sets World Aviation Records. As the C-5 crew turned back towardDover AFBin response to their engine malfunction, they could little realize they were about to fly to controversy, aviation lore, and disaster. All 17 people on board the C-5 survived the crash, but three crewmembers were seriously injured when the aircraft stalled, hit a utility pole and crashed into a field about a mile short of the runway. This C-5 Galaxy lies in a field on the south side of Dover Air Force Base, Del., after it crashed Monday, April 3, 2006. Also, the wrong flap setting was used. [71][72][73] C-5s have routinely delivered relief aid and humanitarian supplies to areas afflicted with natural disasters or crisis; multiple flights were made over Rwanda in 1994. "A Study of Air Launch Methods for RLVs. The French air force should receive 13 new Dassault Rafales during 2023, with Paris also expected to this year sign a production contract for its final tranche of the multirole combat aircraft. They had several questions about the approach but had no time to bring them up or discuss them with the pilots, specifically on flap setting and approach speed. As the C-5 crew turned back toward Dover AFB in response to their engine malfunction, they could little realize they were about to fly to controversy, aviation lore, and disaster. The rest of the cockpit crew did not dispute this error or complain this was happening too fast. [43], In 1998, the Avionics Modernization Program (AMP) began upgrading the C-5's avionics to include a glass cockpit, navigation equipment, and a new autopilot system. A $1.5billion program (equivalent to $7.1 billion today), known as H-Mod,[29] to re-wing the 76 completed C-5As to restore full payload capability and service life began in 1976. Some of the few passengers and crew in the rear troop compartment initially thought the plane had merely made a hard landing. This plane was loaded with fuel for a trip to Spain, lost an engine after takeoff and landed ("crashed") far short of the runway. The Government Accountability Office substantiated some of his charges against Lockheed. While it provided more runway, it took away a precision ILS glide slope guidance. - A C-5 cargo plane, the military's largest aircraft, crashed today just short of a runway at Dover Air Force Base after developing problems during takeoff, officials said. Command spokespersons report 17 people were aboard as it went down short of the runway. [citation needed], The C-5A is the original version of the C-5. The Boeing and Douglas designs used a pod on the top of the fuselage containing the cockpit, while the Lockheed design extended the cockpit profile down the length of the fuselage, giving it an egg-shaped cross section. Three vehicles were involved in a crash on the A2 in Dover this morning. Shortly after entering service, cracks in the wings of many aircraft were discovered and the C-5 fleet was restricted in capability until corrective work was completed. During static and fatigue testing, cracks were noticed in the wings of several aircraft,[19] and as a consequence, the C-5A fleet was restricted to 80% of maximum design loads. He has reported from Europe and flown Super Puma and Cougar helicopters with the Swiss Air Force. [80] In 2008, the USAF decided to convert remaining C-5Bs and C-5Cs into C-5Ms with avionics upgrades and re-engining. With no deaths reported, military officials are cleaning the crash site and are convening a board of officers to investigate the cause of the accident. Guide to Business Aviation Training and Safety 2022. When practicing for three-engine procedures, we always used the worst-case scenario which would be an outboard engine, either #1 or #4. Perhaps this knowledge drove him to excel in all other areas to mask this chronic weakness. A program to install new strengthened wings on 77 C-5As was conducted from 1981 to 1987. On final approach to runway 32, the airplane descended below the normal glide path. Yet, as we know, it did. For a crew with several greatly experienced individual members, these obstacles should not have provided significant difficulty. [83], In response to Air Force plans to retire older C-5 aircraft, Congress implemented legislation that set limits on retirement plans for C-5As in 2003. Not having thought of the possibility is attributable to us and the command for not preparing for such an event. He said he would get enraged at being cut out of the pattern by commercial jets while instructing students in his small prop plane. As the plane slid across the field, the fuselage began to break open at the bulkhead. A road was closed in both direction due to a jackknifed lorry. ", "The 'radical' nuclear missile test that made history", "Six Months "On Ice": Living And Working At The Bottom Of The World. It is irrelevant whether the union itself has anything to do with the action. Its high-flotation main landing gear provides 28 wheels to distribute gross weight on paved or earth surfaces. (U.S. Air Force photo/Doug Curran), Emergency responders are on the scene of a C-5 Galaxy crash today, April 3, 2006 at Dover Air Force Base, Del. I updated some info in the original post if you are interested. Picture: Google It happened on the coast-bound side of the road, near Whitfield, and caused heavy traffic in the area.. In some ways, our command training method contributed to this crash. Approach control put the plane on vectors for the visual approach to Runway 32. In some ways, our command training method contributed to this crash. Once the crew was tuned-up and attentive, the throttle mix-up probably would not have occurred, or, even if it did, would have been caught by an alert crewmember. The line between the airports does. You can learn more about the cookies we use here. This led to a massive brake fire and crew evacuation. Jay Lacklen is a former C-5 pilot with 12,500 flying hoursand the author of two books,Flying the Line: An Air Force Pilots Journey and Flying the Line: An Air Force Pilots Journey Volume Two: Military Airlift Command. Thank God I wasn't on the jet that went down. And, that is just what he did here, with catastrophic results. The instructor loadmaster was seated against the bulkhead facing rearward looking across the table at her two students. "You just have to put your emotions aside and let your training take over," said Airman 1st Class Joseph Wysocki, a 436th CES firefighter who arrived on scene around 6:40 a.m. Europe powerless to stop Russian overflights by Chinese airlines, says official, Biggest two lessors confident about full airline recovery in 2023, On road to recovery, Canadas Air Transat loses C$126 million in fiscal Q4, Pratt & Whitney awarded preliminary contract for F-35 engine enhancement, How year of conflict affected World Air Forces inventory, Chinese Y-20U flies in formation with pair of J-20s, How Dassault is preparing flagship Falcon 10X as a flying penthouse, How the US Air Forces secretive B-21 Raider broke cover, How Angela Ng gained front-row seat in Singapores evolving aviation sector, Spotlight on airline sustainability strategies. There were unusual considerations, to be sure. One of these techniques probably would have saved this crew. [21] The Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Management Systems, Ernest Fitzgerald, was another person whose fostering of public accountability was unwelcome. We never practiced for inboard engine failure, but the habit pattern of leaving the dead engine throttle at idle power prevailed. Had he not done that, I estimate none of the resulting problems would have occurred. [81][82] The last of 52 C-5Ms was delivered to Air Mobility Command in August 2018. The aircraft crashed at 6:30 a.m. EDT, on Monday, April 3, 2006, at Dover Air Force Base, Del., just south of the base flightline. More Fighter Jets For Ukraine As Slovakia Retires MiG-29 Fleet? 2 engine as a precaution and decided to return to Dover. They shut down the No. However, he does not have enough speed to raise the flaps to 40% without stalling the aircraft. Instead, the previous incident they had just been briefed on the day before seems to become their inappropriate priority. This is especially true with only three engines. You're O-4 C-5 guy was wrong. When performing the go-around, we had to leave that engine at idle, obviously, or it wouldnt bea three-engine go-around. [86] Full production of C-5Ms began in the summer of 2009. [37] However, no C-5 aircraft were ever ordered by Iran, and the prospect was firmly halted by the Iranian Revolution in 1979. ", "Gone with the wings: C-5 removal process in full swing. ", "C-5 accident investigation board complete. With the C-17 program still some years from completion, Congress approved funding for a new version of the C-5, the C-5B, in July 1982, to expand airlift capacity. [91], On 13 September 2009, a C-5M set 41 new records and flight data was submitted to the National Aeronautic Association for formal recognition. Most significantly, this crew had been briefed on this incident the day before this flight. They were very heavy, and care would be needed to touch down gently to avoid gear damage or failure. [93] The last TF39-powered C-5 flew in late 2017. [96], The C-5B is an improved version of the C-5A. As many of you know I am a flight engineer on C-5s at Dover AFB. It is preliminary and is based on the facts as they are known at this time. A forum community dedicated to drag racing drivers and enthusiasts. The rear main landing gear can be made to caster to make a smaller turning radius, and rotates 90 after takeoff before being retracted. We spent a lot of money to make it capable of operating from unfinished airstrips near the front lines, when we never needed that capability or had any intention to use it. He protested to the crew that this was unacceptable, that, as an emergency aircraft, he should have priority! Although the airframe absorbed much of that force, the pilots all suffered back injuries. Thanks for stopping by. We never practiced for inboard engine failure, but the habit pattern of leaving the dead engine throttle at idle power prevailed. One more attraction has been confirmed for Lockheed Martin's exclusive Airshow, the event called the Lockheed Martin Space and Air Show, which will take place from November 31 to 1, 2020, at Orlando Sanford International Airport. After being one of the worst-run programs, ever, in its early years, it has evolved very slowly and with great difficulty into a nearly adequate strategic airlifter that unfortunately needs in-flight refueling or a ground stop for even the most routine long-distance flights. Had they flown the precision approach, they may have recognized the problem over a thousand feet above the ground while trying, unsuccessfully to maintain the glide path. (U.S. Air Force photo/Doug Curran), A firefighter hoses down the crash site of a C-5 Galaxy. JavaScript is disabled. The other engineer did not even know the plane was on final approach. [75], The wings on the C-5As were replaced during the 1980s to restore full design capability. ", "Galaxy wraps upgrades to become C-5M Super Galaxy", AFRL Seeks Drag-Reduction Technologies For Mobility Aircraft, "The Lockheed C-141 Starlifter & C-5 Galaxy", "C-5 Performance in Israel may spur Pentagon to order more. ", "Lockheed delivers first upgraded C-5M Super Galaxy. The plane, the military's largest, went down about 6:45 a.m., said Allen Metheny, assistant director in the state Department of Public Safety. However, they rejected it in favor of the Boeing 747, in part due to the 747's low-wing design. The contiguous US average monthly minimum temperature of 12.52 F or 10.82 C is the . By the aircraft manual, the engine should be shut down expeditiously but in a normal fashion, not an emergency fashion. But the crash does not tarnish John Leland's image of the C-5 Galaxy. [84] As of November 2013, 45 C-5As have been retired, 11 have been scrapped, parts of one (A/C 66-8306) are now a cargo load trainer at Lackland AFB, Texas and one was sent to the Warner Robins Air Logistics Center (WR-ALC) for tear down and inspection to evaluate structural integrity and estimate the remaining life for the fleet. About ten minutes after takeoff the aircrew observed a No. They could have orbited field for hours to prepare, if necessary. Engines on fire!!! The Air Force considered Boeing's design to be better than that of Lockheed, but Lockheed's proposal was the lowest total-cost bid. RE: C-5 Crash at Dover Yeah, even the legal ramifications for the crew beat being dead. Thanks Mike that cleared up a lot of speculation on my part! [7][11] General Electric's TF39 engine was selected in August 1965 to power the new transport plane. ", "Lockheed Martin Delivers Second Production C-5M Super Galaxy To U.S. Air Force", "Lockheed Martin inducts first C-5B for C-5M modifications. The plane belonged to the 436th Airlift Wing, the active duty unit at Dover, but was being flown by a crew from the 512th Airlift Wing, a reserve unit. This caused the fuselage to crack at the bulkhead that runs through the wall at the rear of the bunk rooms in the crew compartment. The C-5 Avionics Modernization Program (AMP) began in 1998 and includes upgrading the avionics to comply with Global Air Traffic Management standards, improving communications, fitting new flat-panel displays, improving navigation and safety equipment, and installing a new autopilot system. The CX-X had a gross weight of 550,000 pounds (249,000kg), a maximum payload of 180,000lb (81,600kg), and a speed of Mach0.75 (500mph or 805km/h). It is against the APC Forum Rules to advocate any labor action which is not authorized by the RLA/NMB. I had lunch with one of them today. Then the mechanical female voice alerts the crew: Stall, stall., The tail strikes the ground, ripping the entire tail structure from the plane.
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