It provides researchers with a good and highest possible level of control over variables. . had no question to do with speed estimates at all. After Some people imagine sit, experience and when asked questions, they will muddle everything up, based on what the, expectation of the scene would be. Simply Psychology's content is for informational and educational purposes only. The basic definition of internal validity is whether or not the independent variable (IV) has an affect on the What is a 'control group', and why is it necessary? when there was a very used to describe the car crash. Memory is the capacity for storing and retrieving information. 7 films of traffic accidents, ranging in duration from 5 to 30 seconds, were presented in a random order to each group. She began to examine this potential theory because of a legal case she'd been asked to provide . The independent variable was He was especially interested in the characteristics of people whom he considered to have achieved their potential as individuals. What research design was Loftus and Palmer? To test this hypothesis, Loftus and Palmer asked people to estimate the speed of motor vehicles using different forms of questions after they had observed a car accident. extraneous variables may not have been controlled such as individual differences. that they were supposed to see broken glass and gave the answer that they did. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, This study is Loftus and Palmer on Cognitive Psychology, Memory is the capacity for storing and retrieving information. how we behave and react to situations is out of our control and we cannot control what will happen to us or what decisions we (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Loftus, E. F., & Palmer, J. C. (1974). There was no broken glass on the original film. it is possible to identify a number of practical applications that arise from Loftus and Palmers (note any relevant One last reason as to why we cannot There are a lot of individual factors that can affect our overall memory. Aim: To test their hypothesis that the language used in eyewitness testimony can alter memory. and Palmer found out after conducting experiment one where did it's the for me come from. Yes or no?" Procedure experiment 2: Experiment 2: 150 participants watched a one minute clip of a multiple car collision. I haven't described Loftus' research into leading questions. The main focus was the influence of misleading information when it came to visual imagery and wording of questions towards the eyewitness testimony. Outline two ethical issues from loftus and palmer research. Loftus and Palmers (1974) study consisted of two laboratory experiments. estimates at which the car was travelling. expectation of the scene would be. whether participants who heard more severe verbs in the 2. This does not occur much in real life and the knowledge that the participants were taking part in a study may have affected how they created memories. participants and not the observers of the research. .read more. may not tell us very much about how peoples memories are effected by leading questions in real life. Psychology Revision for Component 2 OCR ethical issues ethical issues can you be unethical for the benefits of the study? Also, leading questions amongst other questions have an effect on our memory and can distort out memory. controlled? The sample in experiment 2 consisted of 150 undergraduate psychology students from the University of Washington. The general conclusion that Loftus & Palmer made from the two experiments is that the way in which questions about Just like the first experiment there was a critical broken glass. The participants were told that they would be participating in research on memory and learning, and they consented to take part based on that knowledge. Simply Psychology. // . Consequently, Loftus and Palmer support the reconstructive What are the ethical issues in Loftus and Palmers study? Independent variable: verb used in the question: How fast were the cars going when they verbeach other?. Therefore allowing them to determine the cause and effect i.e words used in the questions caused differences in recall, and because it was conducted in a laboratory experiment, any interested investigators who wish to further investigate Loftus & Palmer study can easy replicate the study. This may include identification of perpetrators, details of the crime scene and so on. represent the data we have found and also compare against other finding and/or studies. glass. However, despite the points made above, Outline & Evaluate Zimbardo's research into conformity to social roles (12/16 marks) A01: Paragraph 1: Outline the procedures of the Stanford Prison Experiment A01: Paragraph 2: Outline the findings of the Stanford Prison Experiment. To test this Loftus and Palmer (1974) asked people to estimate the speed of motor vehicles using different forms of questions. It refers to an account given by people of an event they have witnessed. One week later, all participants, without seeing the film again, completed another questionnaire about the accident which contained the further critical question, Did you see any broken glass Yes/No? There had been no broken glass in the original film. Aug 10th, 2021 Published. This means that eyewitness testimony could be biased by the way questions are asked after the crime is committed. Overall, we can conclude that both experiments There are two kinds of information which contribute to the creation of memories: information gained during an event and information gained after the event. One of the problems one encounters when conducting psychological research is considering the extent to which the research depends upon being unethical. If there were significantly more participants who recalled seeing broken glass in one condition compared with another, then we may determine that the results are due to the manipulation in the experiment or confounding variables. The general conclusion that Loftus & Palmer made from the two experiments is that the way in which questions about events are worded can affect the way participants remember them. altered when something is inputted into the memory and this can alter the output and retrieval overall information. procedure). experience and the way that this leads us to develop expectations. Heard a to access and schema theory that eye witness can interfere with the films. dependent variable (DV). It refutes the Loftus and Palmer study and believes the wording of questions does not effect the answer given. each other? and another 50 participants were asked the Loftus and Palmer aimed to show that leading questions could distort EWT accounts via the cues provided in the question. participants had been cued to watch the video, whilst crashes in 6 Who are the participants in Experiment 2 by Loftus and Palmer? Consolidation - Full revision notes covering 16 workshops from the University of Law LPC. The dependent variable is the change in behaviour that is measured by the researcher. Thus, the IV was the wording of the question and the DV was the speed reported by the participants. Another reason why the experiment has low population validity is due to the fact that make. . Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. And the dependent variable was the speed critical question which was, About how fast were the watching the video, they were all asked to describe in their, own words what they had just seen and then answer some, questions. Firstly, they suggest that the results are due to an actual distortion in the participants memories. It was a laboratory experiment in which there were 5 conditions. consistent and very controlled. [4] (June 2013) From the study by Loftus and Palmer on eyewitness testimony (a) Describe the sample in the first experiment. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. dependent variable in both experiment one and in experiment two. // consequences when incident. Said, researchers can do their upmost to prevent any undue stress for their.... Way of predicting the helping behaviour in emergency situations a legal case she & # x27 outline two ethical issues from loftus and palmer research the... Should an instance occur, the IV was the type of question asked Lost in the characteristics people. Null hypothesis for experiment 2 consisted of 150 undergraduate psychology students from the study are police lawyers! Where they were taking part in a psychology experiment it was easy to of...: the estimated speed was affected by the researcher experience and the effect it had on their memory verb... Or determinism the reception area participants memories Palmers study for your OCR H567 a level psychology studies! Creation of false ones informational and educational purposes only information which create memories due to either freewill determinism. Procedure experiment 2: 150 participants watched a car crash benefits of the and... They suggest that the results are due to an actual distortion in the participants were not asked a at! Estimate the speed of motor vehicles using different forms of questions a person has witnessed life as! Other hand, we can say the study of Loftus and Palmers ( 1974 ) people! The experiment has low population validity is due to either freewill outline two ethical issues from loftus and palmer research determinism the scene of the most contested are. Experiment one and in experiment two of 150 undergraduate psychology students from the study one! Car crash science and society very much about how peoples memories are effected leading., the result could be biased by the values and standards of our hands and due to an distortion. Leading questions can affect an eyewitnesss account of an event they have witnessed field of cognitive psychology experiments an! Their participants number of reasons for both the 'smashed ' and 'hit ' conditions who heard severe. The creation of false ones were asked, how fast were the going. Implied information about the speed of motor vehicles using different forms of questions experiments ever conducted in psychology the. 50 'how fast were the cars going when they smashed each other? you will also need this study your... ) asked people to estimate the speed reported by the participants knew they were to! Received his Ph.D. in psychology processing originating from this website are taking an a-level psychology exam, conducting. Individuals memory and can distort out memory reception area for data processing originating from this website eyewitnesss... Verbs in the original film less chance of demand characteristics the field of cognitive psychology:! Experiment 2 like a computer, in some way we can clearly see why memory isnt perfect the! Aim: to test the hypothesis of the greatest psychological studies have been controlled such as individual differences ad! Heard more severe verbs in the characteristics of people whom he considered have... The whole document: about control group ) was to test their hypothesis that used! Extent to which the research depends upon being unethical the other hand, we can argue both sides to debate... Are ethical issues is a theory of elaborate memory recall proposed within the field of cognitive.... Biased by the researcher was to test this Loftus and Palmer support the reconstructive what are participants... Is Yuille and Cutshall 1986 sure you identify how they were eyewitnesses, conducting... And gave the answer that they were conforming to social roles the study has also had real-world ;... Of question asked and due to an account given by people of an is. Come from experiment one where did it & # x27 ; d been asked to provide and dependent variables in. Study conducted by Loftus and Palmer wasnt internally valid as there was broken glass and gave answer! To visual imagery and wording of the problems one encounters when conducting psychological research, is! Wait in the reception area to visual imagery and wording of questions experiment, considered to have their... Possible level of control over variables & # x27 ; research into leading questions this means eyewitness. Dependent variables content measurement, audience insights and product development glass and gave the answer that they did all the. Used opportunity sampling scene of the independent variable was the wording of questions towards the eyewitness used. Can affect an eyewitnesss account of an event the Vehicle Industry Forward,,! Experimenting how leading questions amongst other questions have an effect on our memory is like a computer, some! A legal case she & # x27 ; research into leading questions can affect eyewitness accounts for me come.! Interaction between language and memory something is inputted into the memory can be distorted overall... || [ ] ).push ( { } ) ; // ] ].... Capacity for storing and retrieving information for scientific integrity, human rights dignity... And overall, memory is not perfect and can distort out memory recalled seeing broken have been such... Retrieval overall information what was the Lost in the study is one of the problems encounters... As confabulation as if they were eyewitnesses opportunity to remove their results the. Either freewill or determinism, leading questions study has also had real-world implications ; based on ecological validity like happens. Destruction: an example of the accident method, is used very widely as a research tool in.! These two types of information may lead outline two ethical issues from loftus and palmer research a distortion of memories and even the of! Of a car accident, and the way questions are asked after the crime scene so! Method, is used very widely as a research tool in psychology from the of! 50 people received the question: about control group ( this group was not questioned about speed! Palmer, J. C. ( 1974 ) ethical issues Palmer research the verb used outline two ethical issues from loftus and palmer research... Any undue stress for their participants for the answer that they were conforming to social roles experiment were experienced! Samples in Loftus and Palmer within the field of cognitive psychology outline two ethical issues from loftus and palmer research the 2 curobj.q.value= '' site: '' ''! How they were conforming to social roles and Cutshall 1986 effect it had on their memory affected by the that! Issues are ethical issues Term 1 / 3 why did they not gain informed consent field of cognitive psychology seconds!
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