[124], London Underground trains come in two sizes, larger sub-surface trains and smaller deep-tube trains. Recurrent architectural structures, an array of surfaces and an abundance of beautifully designed furniture, lighting and details all make London's iconic 150-year-old transport system pretty special. [300] Stations were built to the latest standards, future proofed for growth, with innovations such as Platform screen doors. [17][18][19] The schematic Tube map, designed by Harry Beck in 1931, was voted a national design icon in 2006 and now includes other transport systems besides the Underground, such as the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Thameslink, the Elizabeth line, and Tramlink. [211] Called a "Freedom Pass" it allows free travel on TfL-operated routes at all times and is valid on some National Rail services within London at weekends and after 09:30 on Monday to Fridays. [65][66][67] Under the same act, the country's main line railways were also nationalised, and their reconstruction was given priority over the maintenance of the Underground and most of the unfinished plans of the pre-war New Works Programme were shelved or postponed. [43], In January 1913, the UERL acquired the Central London Railway and the City & South London Railway, as well as many of London's bus and tram operators. Part closures: Saturday 17-Friday 23 December and Saturday 11-Sunday 19 February. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events. [246] As of 2015[update] there have been nine consecutive years in which no employee fatalities have occurred. The line opened in 196871 with the trains being driven automatically and magnetically encoded tickets collected by automatic gates gave access to the platforms. Victoria) London Overground & Bakerloo line. [317] The Met, strongly independent, used images on timetables and on the cover of its Metro-land guide that promoted the country it served for the walker, visitor and later the house-hunter. [100] The railway opened as the Elizabeth line in May 2022. Stock on sub-surface lines is identified by a letter (such as S Stock, used on the Metropolitan line), while tube stock is identified by the year of intended introduction[131] (for example, 1996 Stock, used on the Jubilee line). The typesetters P22 developed today's electronic version, sometimes called TfL Johnston, in 1997. Part of the Greater London Authority, the TfL Board is appointed by the Mayor of London, who also sets the structure and level of public transport fares in London. [241] Passengers are entitled to a refund if their journey is delayed by 15minutes or more due to circumstances within the control of TfL,[242] and in 2010, 330,000 passengers out of a potential 11million Tube passengers claimed compensation for delays. Clapham Common. The Bakerloo line between Queen . London Underground also plans to add up to an additional 18 trains to the current fleet of 63 trains of 1996 stock. [64], On 1 January 1948, under the provisions of the Transport Act 1947, the London Passenger Transport Board was nationalised and renamed the London Transport Executive, becoming a subsidiary transport organisation of the British Transport Commission, which was formed on the same day. Lewisham used to be served by the East London line (stations at New Cross and New Cross Gate). Kings Cross-St Pancras has the most lines, Baker Street has the most platforms, Bank-Monument is the biggest complex. [275] As of 2013[update], forms of the roundel, with differing colours for the ring and bar, are used for other TfL services, such as London Buses, Tramlink, London Overground, London River Services and Docklands Light Railway. 4. 2012 - A new fleet of electric trains are introduced, the first on the Underground to feature air conditioning and full-length, walk-through interiors Northern line The Northern line, opened. The current operator, London Underground Limited (LUL), is a wholly owned subsidiary of Transport for London (TfL), the statutory corporation responsible for the transport network in London. [139] New air-conditioned trains have been introduced on the sub-surface lines, but was initially ruled out for the tube trains due to space being considered limited on tube trains for air-conditioning units and that these would heat the tunnels even more. When the Central line was extended east, the stations were simplified Holden proto-Brutalist designs,[295] and a cavernous concourse built at Gants Hill in honour of early Moscow Metro stations. These would be used to increase frequencies and cover the Battersea extension on the Northern line.[183]. [285] Clark would later design "Chiltern Court", the large, luxurious block of apartments at Baker Street, that opened in 1929. [151] The only wooden escalator not to be replaced was at Greenford station, which remained until March 2014 when TfL replaced it with the first incline lift on the UK transport network in October 2015. [189] The invitation to tender for the trains was issued in January 2016;[190] the specifications for the Piccadilly line infrastructure are expected in 2016,[184][185] and the first train is due to run on the Piccadilly line in 2023. [13] The Travelcard ticket was introduced in 1983 and Oyster card, a contactless ticketing system, in 2003. [31], For the first deep-level tube line, the City and South London Railway, two 10feet 2inches (3.10m) diameter circular tunnels were dug between King William Street (close to today's Monument station) and Stockwell, under the roads to avoid the need for agreement with owners of property on the surface. It was first opened in 1863 and is the second-busiest underground station in the whole of London. [315] Pick found he was limited by the commercial artists the printers used, and so commissioned work from artists and designers such as Dora Batty,[316] Edward McKnight Kauffer, the cartoonist George Morrow,[312] Herry (Heather) Perry,[316] Graham Sutherland,[312] Charles Sharland[317] and the sisters Anna and Doris Zinkeisen. If you take the average depth below sea level of all the platforms in each tube station - an important clarification - London Bridge comes out on top (bottom). The London Underground is a metro system in the United Kingdom that serves Greater London and the home counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire. [278][279], In 2016, Tate Modern commissioned conceptual artist Michael Craig-Martin to "reimagine" the roundel, changing its colours for the first time since the sign was introduced. The line is predicted to run a maximum of 27 trains per hour, a 25% increase on the current 21 trains per hour during peak periods. The alterations to the ventilation system are important, not only to heat exchange, but also the quality of the air at platform level, particularly given its asbestos content. 1. [199][200][201], TfL introduced the Oyster card in 2003; this is a pre-payment smartcard with an embedded contactless RFID chip. The London Transport brand continued to be used by the GLC. The 11 new stations were designed to be "Future-proof", with wide passageways, large quantities of escalators and lifts, and emergency exits. [55] In the same year that the London Passenger Transport Board was formed, Harry Beck's diagrammatic tube map first appeared. The peak frequency was increased to 36 trains per hour in 2016 after track works were completed to the layout of the points at Walthamstow Central crossover, which transfers northbound trains to the southbound line for their return journey. It was the UK's deadliest terrorist incident since 1988. [240], Compared with 200304, the reliability of the network had increased in 201011, with lost customer hours reduced from 54million to 40million. [8] The network has expanded to 11 lines, and in 2020/21 was used for 296million passenger journeys,[3] making it one of the world's busiest metro systems. The words "London Transport" were added inside the ring, above and below the bar. [165] Due to financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, work to implement the extension is currently on hold. [186][187] The fully automated trains may be able to run without drivers,[188] but the ASLEF and RMT trade unions that represent the drivers strongly oppose this, saying it would affect safety. Passengers travelling without a valid ticket must pay a penalty fare of 80 (40 if paid within 21days) and can be prosecuted for fare evasion under the Regulation of Railways Act 1889 and Transport for London Byelaws. Stations. [84], TfL eventually replaced London Regional Transport, and discontinued the use of the London Transport brand in favour of its own brand. The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in England. The New Tube for London, which will replace the trains for the Bakerloo, Central, Waterloo and City and Piccadilly lines, is planned to have air conditioning for the new trains along with better energy conservation and regenerative braking.[129][140][141]. The London Underground presently has 270 stations. [210] Residents born before 1951 were eligible after their 60th birthday, whereas those born in 1955 will need to wait until they are 66. ", "Annual Report and Statement of Accounts 2011/12", "Contactless payment on London Underground", "Licencing London's contactless ticketing system", "Design in Relation to the Problem: The London Underground", "Celebrities of Advertising II: Frank Pick", "Frank Pick and his Influence on Design in England", "Tribute to Bank Tube station bomb victims of 1941", "Bethnal Green Tube disaster marked 70 years on", "In Living Memory, Series 11: The 1975 Moorgate tube disaster", "Kings Cross Tragedy Means Safety First For London Underground", "Elizabeth Line "more mannered" than Jubilee predecessor says head of architecture", "About TfL How we work How we are governed Subsidiary companies", "A brief history of the Underground London Underground milestones", "London tube introduces contactless payments", "Services - 541858-2020 - TED Tenders Electronic Daily", "London 2012: Games bring record London Underground users", "London Underground breaks the record again for busiest day ever on the Tube", "Elizabeth line: What is Crossrail and when does it open? [37] Ironically, the term Tube was later adopted alongside the Underground. When the Bakerloo line opened in 1906, it was advertised with a maximum temperature of 60F (16C), but over time the tube tunnels have warmed up. The London Underground Film Office received over 200 requests to film in 2000. In the 2010s, consultation events and preliminary design work took place on an extension. [162] The EE network has also recently released a WiFi calling feature available on the iPhone. [87] Despite this, substantial investment to upgrade and modernise the Tube has taken place - with new trains (such as London Underground S7 and S8 Stock), new signalling, upgraded stations (such as King's Cross St Pancras) and improved accessibility (such as at Green Park). For the word puzzle clue of which london underground station is the most easterly on the district line, the Sporcle Puzzle Library found the following results.Explore more crossword clues and answers by clicking on the results or quizzes. [298] Notable stations from this period include Moor Park, the stations of the Piccadilly line extension to Heathrow and Hillingdon. The Metropolitan line can reach speeds of 62mph (100km/h). [94] In 2013, the Underground celebrated its 150th anniversary, with celebratory events such as steam trains and installation of a unique Labyrinth artwork at each station.[95]. The deepest station below sea level. [135][136] The main purpose of the London Underground's ventilation fans is to extract hot air from the tunnels,[132] and fans across the network are being refurbished, although complaints of noise from local residents preclude their use at full power at night. [324][325] Major commissions by Art on the Underground in recent years have included Labyrinth by Turner prize winning artist Mark Wallinger to mark the 150th anniversary of the London Underground,[326] "Diamonds and Circles" permanent works "in situ" by French artist Daniel Buren at Tottenham Court Road[327] and "Beauty < Immortality, a memorial to Frank Pick by Langlands & Bell at Piccadilly Circus. Some stations are in two zones, and the cheapest fare applies. Download free London travel maps of the London Underground and other public transport routes. On 10 January, The Metropolitan Railway opens the world's first underground railway, between Paddington (then called Bishop's Road) and Farringdon Street. [149] The first 'comb' type escalator was installed in 1924 at Clapham Common. [271] Frank Pick, impressed by the Paris Metro, thought the solid red disc cumbersome and took a version where the disc became a ring from a 1915 Sharland poster and gave it to Edward Johnston to develop, and registered the symbol as a trademark in 1917. [226], Accessibility for people with limited mobility was not considered when most of the system was built, and before 1993 fire regulations prohibited wheelchairs on the Underground. As at 19 March 2013[update] there had been 310days since the last major incident,[245] when a passenger had died after falling on the track. The resulting fire cost the lives of 31 people and injured a further 100. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walk-through trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. Use our travel tools to check your travel. Police said they were called . Chalk Farm Station is the closest to Primrose Hill. Opened on 10 January 1863,[7] it is now part of the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. [25] The Metropolitan District Railway (commonly known as the District Railway) opened in December 1868 from South Kensington to Westminster as part of a plan for an underground "inner circle" connecting London's main-line stations. A fresh London Tube strike has caused chaos in the capital the day after the Platinum Jubilee bank holiday, with 10 London Underground lines affected. [262][263], The current standard tube map shows the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Emirates Air Line, London Tramlink and the London Underground;[264] a more detailed map covering a larger area, published by National Rail and Transport for London, includes suburban railway services. The London Borough of Hackney, to the north, has two stations on its border. [266][267], Commissioned by Art on the Underground, the cover of the pocket map is designed by various British and international artists, one of the largest public art commissions in the UK. Bank and Monument operate as a combined station with shared usage statistics. Almost all of the route, and all the stations, are shared with one or more of the three other sub-surface lines, namely the District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. In others, such as British Museum, all evidence of the station has been lost through demolition. ", "Rolling Origin & Destination Survey (RODS)", "Up to date per line London Underground usage statistics", "Piccadilly Underground line Transport for London", Passenger Train Services over Unusual Lines, "Passenger Train Services over Unusual Lines", "Making transport more accessible to all", "Environmental Quality in Underground Railways", "Work begins to cool the platforms at two major central London stations", "Improving the Tube What we're doing Improving the trains", "Numeric and experimental analysis of the turbulent flow through a channel with baffle plates", "Deadly Asbestos 'All Over the Place' on London Underground", "Mystery over Tube escalator etiquette cleared up by restored film", "Incline lift at Greenford Tube station is UK first", "Improvements and Projects Step-free access", "London Underground Advertising | All Products & Formats", "Virgin Media extends free wi-fi on London Underground until 2013", "Plans for mobile network on London underground shelved", "4G on Jubilee line tunnel section from March 2020", "London Underground Virgin Media WiFi Network", "New consultation on Bakerloo line extension opens today", "Bakerloo line extension Background to Consultation Summary Report October 2019", "Planning for the Future Bakerloo line extension", "Clapham Junction next for Northern Line says London Assembly member", "Metropolitan Line extension stalemate between mayor Sadiq Khan and government leaves TFL mulling bus scheme alternative", "Canary Wharf Group in talks about rail link to Euston", "Information on the Northern Line upgrade", "Major works to improve Victoria line services this summer", "All Victoria Line trains to run 'end to end' for first time", "Third Time Lucky: A Look At The New Sub-Surface Signalling Plan", "LU begins search for new Jubilee and Northern line train supplier", "Design for the 'New Tube for London' revealed", "Driverless Tube trains: Unions vow 'war' over plan", "New Tube for London invitations to tender issued", "Khan: New Piccadilly rolling stock will be delivered by 2023", "East Yorkshire factory wins 1.5bn Tube train deal", "TfL to accept Apple Pay on public transport", "Android Pay accepted for pay as you go travel in London", "Fares & payments Contactless Apple Pay", "Fares & payments Fares Tube, DLR and London Overground", "Fares & payments Oyster Using your Oyster card Capping", "Fares & payments Oyster Using your Oyster card Incomplete journeys", "The 66.5million cost of not touching out your Oyster card", "London's contactless fares system to power New York's subway, bus and rail journeys", "New York to Replace MetroCard With Modern Way to Pay Transit Fares", "The MBTA has a $723 million plan to change the way you pay for rides The Boston Globe", "Revenue Enforcement and Prosecutions Policy", "Later London Underground service being considered", "Party on, London Tube will run an hour later on Fridays and Saturdays", "Transport in London over Christmas and New Year's Eve", "London 2012 Olympics: Tube to shut hour later, TfL says", "Night Tube start date postponed as talks continue", "London tube to run all night at weekends but 750 jobs to go", "London night tube services to Heathrow start this weekendCoronavirus: London cuts Tube trains and warns 'don't travel unless you really have to', "The London Underground An accessible future?
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