Leave a message for others who see this profile. After hearing the irresistible and conclusive arguments of the honorable John Adams for independence, Richard fully concurred in the final vote in favor of that bold and decisive measure. He is co-editor of the. Let us shortly consider (1.) Nine died of wounds or hardships during the war. His handsome features and highly polished manners made him very popular. Dreading the possibility of war, on December 12, 1774; he drew up and sent to Lord Dartmouth, Secretary for the Colonies An Expedient for the Settlement of the American Disputes, a plan for self-government of America, independent of Parliament but owing allegiance to the Crown. He became a Church of Scotland (Presbyterian) minister at Beith, Ayrshire, serving there from 1745 to 1758, where he married Elizabeth Montgomery. He is particularly interested in the experiences of children in 1765-75. The map below shows the places where the ancestors of the famous person lived. Ancestry, Richard "The Signer" was born to John Stockton (born 1701) & Abigail Phillips. Exhausted, racked by cancer, Rodney set out after dusk and rode all night through the pouring rain and the crashing thunder, stopping only long enough to change horses. President Washington later issued a proclamation designating a day of prayer and thanksgiving. [11], On March 7, 1781, The New Jersey Gazette acknowledged his worth to his country: "The ability, dignity, and integrity, with which this gentleman discharged the duties of the several important offices to which he was called by the voice of this country are well known.". Page 130Glynn, John C., His Sacred Honor Judge Richard Stockton A Signer of the Declaration of Independence, Eveready Press, 2006. J. L. BELL is a Massachusetts writer who specializes in (among other things) the start of the American Revolution in and around Boston. He once wrote, "The public is generally unthankful, and I never will become a Servant of it, till I am convinced that by neglecting my own affairs I am doing more acceptable Service to God and Man." And so it went through the rest of the states, with George Walton of Georgia the last to affix his name to the historic document that day. Stocktons oldest daughter Julia wed Dr. Benjamin Rush in January 1776, six months later Rush signed the Declaration of Independence. Amidst all the compliments which have been made on this occasion, be assured, madam, that the agreeable manner, and the very pleasing sentiments in which yours is conveyed, have affected my mind with the most lively sensations of joy and satisfaction. Elias Boudinot was married to Stockton's sister Hannah Stockton (17361808). On his return to Princeton, he traveled 30 miles east to the home of a friend, John Covenhoven, to evacuate his family to safety, and away from the path of the British army. Geography dictated the voting order among the delegates to the Second Continental Congress. In 1987, the LDS Reference Unit at the Family History Library, in Salt Lake City, compiled the "Founding Fathers Project." He proceeded to Edinburgh where he attained a Master of Arts, then to four years of divinity school. Shortly after he signed the Declaration of Independence, he was taken prisoner by the British. When John Witherspoon was born in 1730, in County Down, Ireland, his father, Robert Witherspoon, was 25 and his mother, Mary Stuart, was 21. Witherspoon has claimed descent from Scottish-born John Witherspoon, who signed the United States Declaration of Independence; however, this claim has not been verified by the Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence genealogists. Many referred to it as the "Presbyterian Rebellion" and a Hessian soldier wrote, "America-call this war dearest friend by whatever name you may, only call it not an American Rebellion. Princeton University Press, 1948. Scots Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey. The passage of the Stamp Act of 1765 had infuriated many wealthy and influential colonists, and was responsible for beginning the storm that settled over that historic assembly in Philadelphia in July 1776. Born in Scotland and educated at the University of Edinburgh, Witherspoon was a prominent 18th-century intellectual associated with the moral philosophy of the Scottish Enlightenment. Philip STOCKTON, Rev. He remained at the University to study divinity. Witherspoon owned slaves and lectured against the abolition of slavery.[28]. In Princeton a rumor started by Mr. Cochran, a Tory, claiming Stockton had taken General Howe's protection caused Stockton to be spoken against for a short time, but "Mr Cochran's known quarrel with him makes it very doubtful to candid persons" Rev. [1] John married Elisabeth Montgomerie in the parish of Beith, Ayrshire on 14 August 1748. It took nearly two years to regain his health according to Dr. Worthy to note: John Witherspoon, the only clergyman to sign our Declaration of Independence was the nephew of both Margaret and Janette Witherspoon. Witherspoon is not quite the hick she makes herself out to be, at least offscreen. He was born at Gifford which is the neighbouring parish to the one John Knox was born in. Username and password are case sensitive. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. This painting by artist John Trumbull depicts the moment on June 28, 1776, when the first draft of the Declaration of Independence was presented to the Second Continental Congress. Besides paper documents, it is one of four still-existing objects that were present during the Constitutional Convention, along with the Liberty Bell, the chair that George Washington sat in as the Constitutional Convention's . At Princeton, he mentored constitutional architect James Madison; as a New Jersey delegate to the Continental Congress, he was the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. He died February 28, 1781; his remains were conveyed to Nassau Hall and eulogized by the President of the College of New Jersey, Dr. Samuel Smith If what honors this young country can bestow, if many and great personal talents could save man from the graveBehold here the end of all perfectionto have been a son of this college and it was one the first honors of this college to have given birth to such a son a man who has long been foremost in his country, for power, for wisdom, and for fortune Another of the fathers of learning and eloquence is gone. He attended grammar school at the neighboring town of Haddington. Consistent with his Presbyterian theology, Witherspoon believed that God was the author of freedom, and he did not think that the state, which was administered by imperfect individuals, had the right to dictate personal religious beliefs. "There," he had said after writing his name in large, bold letters. Boudinot also served as Director of the Mint, and became the first president of the American Bible Society in 1816. John attended the preparatory school in Haddington Scotland. Agnes Douglas , Alexander Livingston, Alinor de PROVENCE , Henri III d'ANGLETERRE, Marguerite Von Wittelsbach , Jean De Bourgogne. On the day of the signing, the British fleet - an armada of dozens of ships with 42,000 sailors and soldiers - was waiting off the coast to crush these patriots and make an example of them. When other members of Congress heard of the plight of the Clark sons, they ordered George Washington to take a British prisoner, preferably an officer, and starve him to death in a dark hole. 1823, SOURCE: The Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. Richard Stockton later declared Adams the Atlas of the hour, the man to whom the country is most indebted for the great measure of independency. Witherspoon Street, in: Princeton, New Jersey; Pomfret, John E.. '"Witherspoon, John" in. Dr. One of her poems about General Washington, on the surrender of Lord Cornwallis, shows how highly Washington esteemed these complimentary writings by the letter he wrote Annis. 2009. While in London Stockton met with Benjamin Franklin and conferred with London merchants on the issue of paper money by the colonies and an act of Parliament forbidding it. When Stockton was questioned about America by the secretary of state, he rejoiced that he had nothing to ask of the government and therefore dare speak my sentiments without cringing. Nelson, who died in poverty after paying off his wartime debts "like an honest man," said he was only honoring a pledge he had made six years before. It took only a few minutes to complete the signing, and it was agreed not to make the signatures public for six months to give the signers and their families as much time as possible to secure themselves against certain reprisals. Representing New Jersey at the Continental Congress. Witherspoon was an early convert to the Patriot cause, and the British considered his college to be a seminary of sedition (Morrison 2005: 13). Morven is now a State owned Museum, a magnificent home which stands today as a testimonial to the Stockton family. John is 15 degrees from Margaret Atwood, 18 degrees from Jim Carrey, 16 degrees from Elsie Knott, 19 degrees from Gordon Lightfoot, 20 degrees from Alton Parker, 22 degrees from Beatrice Tillman, 18 degrees from Jenny Trout, 18 degrees from Justin Trudeau, 19 degrees from Edwin Boyd, 16 degrees from Barbara Hanley, 25 degrees from Fanny Rosenfeld and 17 degrees from Cathryn Hondros on our single family tree. Two members conducted Washington to a chair beside President Elias Boudinot, who remained seated on the platform, with his hat on his head to symbolize the superiority of the civil authority over the military. Stockton became an eminent Lawyer with one of the largest practices in the colonies. Witherspoon owned slaves during his time as Princeton's president. That such men were present at the moment of America's birth strongly suggests that the same Divine Providence they invoked in the Declaration of Independence had indeed planned it that way. The second time his life was preserved was in Ireland. John Knox Witherspoon was born at Gifford, a parish of Yester, at East Lothian . In November, 1776, he shut down and then evacuated the College of New Jersey at the approach of British forces. Witherspoon advocated for "gradual emancipation" of slaves. They had ten children, only five surviving to adulthood. Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, Witherspoon Street School for Colored Children, Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence, "Petition regarding the statue of John Witherspoon on Firestone Plaza", "LibGuides: African American Studies: Slavery at Princeton", Science and Religion in America, 18001860, "Statue / Monument of John Witherspoon in Washington DC by Sculptor William Couper", "National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania", "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Witherspoon Building", "Princeton School Board changes name of John Witherspoon Middle School", "Welcome witherspoonsociety.org - BlueHost.com", "Presbyterian Voices for Justice celebrates its history as it donates to three social justice causes", Biography on Princeton University's website, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. He married Mary Witherspoon about 1754, in Ireland. The practice of ancient nations, of making their prisoners of war slaves, was altogether unjust and barbarous; for though we could suppose that those who were the causes of an unjust war deserved to be made slaves; yet this could not be the case of all who fought on their side; besides the doing so in one instance would authorize the doing it in any other; and those who fought in defense of their country, when unjustly invaded, might be taken as well as others. They understood quite clearly that they were indeed pledging "to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. On Tuesday, May 11th 1779, he died at the age of 66. The 47 year-old son of a plantation owner, he was first elected to the colonial legislature in 1761, and sent to the first and second Continental Congresses. One night in Edinburgh, Stockton was attacked by a robber and he defended himself skillfully with a small sword, the surprised and wounded robber fled. For the next 26 years, he would serve as Princeton's President, helping to make it a great institution for higher learning. Stony Brook Quaker Meeting House Burial Ground, Princeton Township, New Jersey, United States, Oct 1 1730 - Princeton, Somerset, Province of New Jersey, Feb 28 1781 - Princeton, Somerset, New Jersey, USA, Richard Arthur Stockton, Julia Rush, Mary Stockton, Susan Stockton, Lucius Stockton, Abigail Field, Hannah Boudinot, Rev. Born in 1723, he received the finest education available to a bright young gentleman of that era. Please try again. John Penn signed America's first governing document, the Articles of Confederation, as well as the Declaration of Independence. [3], Over 12,000 prisoners died in the prison ships and prisons in New York compared to 4,435 soldiers that died in combat over the six years of war. Start page | Witherspoon served in Congress from June 1777 until November 1784 and became one of its most influential members and a workhorse of prodigious energy. In 1776, the New Jersey delegates to the Congress were holding out against Independence. John Witherspoon. Famously, when told that the country was not yet ready for independence, Witherspoon replied that it was "not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it." Witherspoon would go on to be one of the Founding Fathers of the United States as a signatory to the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Seventeen signers lost everything they owned, and all of them were hunted as traitors, with most separated from their homes and families. 85-86.]. Philip Stockton, Susanna Pintard, Oct 1 1730 - Morven, Princeton, New Jersey, Feb 28 1781 - Morven, Princeton, New Jersey, Annis Stockton (Signer Of Declaration Of Independence) (born Boudinot), Oct 1 1730 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, United States, Feb 28 1781 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, United States, dinot Rush (born Stockton), Mary Stockton, Susan Stockton, Lucius Horatio Stockton, Abigal Field, Abigail Stockton, Stockton, Hon. On July 2, 1776, the day of the vote on independence, another delegate claimed that America wasn't yet ripe enough for independence. William James Stone, Declaration of Independence, the Stone engraving, 1823. He became an invalid and died at Princeton on February 28, 1781. As one colleague reported, "He would lay aside the cloth to take revenge on them, I believe he would send them to the devil if he could." Penn Wharton School & America's Four United Republics Curriculum However, none was more important than moral philosophy (a required course). This article was originally published in 2009. From 1758-1768, he was minister of the Laigh Kirk, Paisley (Low Kirk). John is first cousin to Rev. As the member appointed for New Jersey, I laid the resolution before our Legislature then sitting at Princeton, and recommended to them the great importance of their approaching persons in every county. Stockton's treatment in the New York prison prompted Continental Congress to pass a resolution directing George Washington to inquire into the circumstances and not long afterward, Stockton was paroled on January 13, 1777. explains the conversion of the young Virginian to the philosophy of the Enlightenment."[27]. Reese father earned his living as a surgeon and her mother was a college professor. The Second Continental Congress had constituted itself a provisional government and began making preparations for war with Britain, including the creation of a Continental Army under General George Washington. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856, Convening Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Witherspoon&oldid=1132410668. Her mother, Dr. Mary Elizabeth "Betty" Witherspoon (ne Reese), is from Harriman, Tennessee. If Parliament "may take from me one shilling in the pound," argued Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, "what security have I for the other nineteen? The two remaining sons were bred to professions, and arose to distinction. During the British assault on South Carolina in 1780, three of that state 's signers - Thomas Heyward Jr., Arthur Middleton, and Edward Rutledge - distinguished themselves in the defense of Charleston. During the war he devoted a super-human effort to outfitting the Continental Navy, activity which alienated him from his fellow Quakers. The debate continued into the Fourth of July and, in Jefferson's own words, "seemed as though it would run on interminably. John Penn - John Penn was a self-taught lawyer whose main duty during the Revolutionary War was to keep the North Carolina militia supported with supplies. Stockton initially showed little interest in politics. In the last years of life he suffered injuries, first to one eye then the other, becoming totally blind two years before his death. Consequently, he was opposed to the Roman Catholic Legitimist Jacobite rising of 174546. Richard was silent during Adams speech and then listened with thoughtful and respectful attention to the arguments that were offered by supporters and opponents of the declaration under consideration. (Painting by Charles Willson Peale, public domain via Wikimedia Commons). "No business can be done, some say, because money is scarce," he wrote. His parents were James Witherspoon and Anna Walker. Col. Daytons Regiment is moved from Fort Stanwix to Tyconderoga the Col and Major Barber came here last evening and the Regiment is now a few miles of this place, marching with cheerfulness, but a great part of the men barefooted and barelegged. In 1776, Stockton was elected to the Second Continental Congress, where he took a very active role. He was 71 when he died. The map below shows the places where the ancestors of the famous person lived. American affairs assumed great importance in England at that time and the opinions of so distinguished an American were sought after. Died on November 15, 1794 in Near Princeton, New Jersey, USA , United States. "The summer soldier and sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country, but he that stands it now deserves the thanks of man and woman. A young English woman Esther DeBerdt, engaged to Stocktons former law student Joseph Reed remarked, I like Mr. Stockton exceedingly. However, in this framework, non-Christian societies could have virtue, which, by his definition, could be found in natural law. In 1780 he was elected to a one-year term in the New Jersey Legislative Council representing Somerset County. So terribly was he ravaged by the disease that he wore a green silk scarf over part of his face, and was described by one colleague as "an animated skeleton, with a bandaged head.". As they had not been present for the entire speech Richard asked Adams to repeat what they had missed. There is a Richard Stockton Rest stop on the New Jersey Turnpike with his portrait and a short story. Princeton University is considering a petition, signed by nearly 300 members of the campus community, to remove a statue of John Witherspoon. In 1768, Stockton had his first taste of government service when he was elevated to a seat in the New Jersey Provincial Council; he was later (1774) appointed to the provincial New Jersey Supreme Court. Accounts indicate that, despite clear instruction, Justice Stockton wished to hear the arguments on either side of the issue. "John Witherspoon." He attended the Haddington Grammar School, and obtained a Master of Arts and Bachelor of Divinity from the University of St. Andrews. Husband of Elizabeth Witherspoon and Anne Witherspoon ", His remains were conveyed to Nassau Hall, where a large audience of citizens, friends and students of the college were in attendance. Dr. John Witherspoon, President of Princetion University and a signer of the American Declaration of Independence. John Witherspoon was born into a ministerial family near Edinburgh on Feb. 5, 1723. Philip Stockton, Julia Rush (born Stockton), Susan Stockton, Lucius Stockton, Richard Arthur Stockton, Abigail Field (born Stockton), Mary Stockton, Oct 1 1730 - Princeton, New Jersey Colony, British Colonial America, Feb 28 1781 - Princeton, New Jersey Colony, British Colonial America, John Stockton, Abigail Stockton (born Phillips), Oct 1 1730 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, Feb 28 1781 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, USA. His most prominent students were Aaron Burr and James Madison. In 1764, Stockton became the Grand Master of the first chartered Masonic lodge (St. Johns No 1) in Princeton, New Jersey. Five months after signing the Declaration, the British burned his library. He also obtained a Master of Arts from the University of Edinburgh in 1739. "His Majesty can now read my name without spectacles, and can now double his reward of 500 pounds for my head. In the famous painting The Declaration of Independence by John Trumbull in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol, Richard Stockton is standing on the far left side of the painting the third figure from the left. The oldest, James, was a major in the Revolutionary army, and fell at the battle of Germantown. By invitation he spent a week at the country estate of the Marquis of Rockingham and was entertained by the Earl of Chatham, the Earl of Chesterfield and other distinguished members of Parliament friendly to the American Colonies. Politically active, Witherspoon was a delegate from New Jersey to the Second Continental Congress and a signatory to the July 4, 1776, Declaration of Independence. Witherspoon eschewed politics in America until 1774, but after that he steadily participated, directly and indirectly, in the leading events of the day. In Scotland, his personal efforts resulted in the acceptance of the presidency of the College by the Reverend John Witherspoon. John Knox Witherspoon was born at Gifford, a parish of Yester, at East Lothian, Scotland, as the eldest child of the Reverend James Alexander Witherspoon and Anne Walker, a descendant of John Welsh of Ayr and John Knox. Abraham Clark, the New Jersey signer who was known as "The Poor Man's Counsellor", had two sons - both Army officers - who were captured and accorded barbarous treatment on the hellship 'Jersey'. Stockton slowly regained his health and returned to his law practice to support his family but later developed cancer. Dr. Betty Witherspoon earned three degrees in total, including a Ph.D in education. Witherspoon had declined the appointment as president of the college because his wife was reluctant to emigrate. In the months before and after the Declaration of Independence, several states were working on their own constitutions, including New York. Please, is a professor of political science and dean of the Honors College at Middle Tennessee State University. In 1789 he was convening moderator of the First General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America. In November 1778, as British forces neared, Witherspoon closed and evacuated the College of New Jersey. Witherspoon also helped organize Nassau Presbyterian Church in Princeton, New Jersey. Press, 1912), pp. And Continental Congresses were convened at Philadelphia in 1774, to deal with Britain's passage of the Intolerable Acts, and in 1775, shortly after the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Congressmen. Philadelphia, July 22, 1782. Mailer, Gideon. Later that year he was elected to the Continental Congress in time to vote for R. H. Lee's Resolution for Independence. He met with Edmund Burke, the Earl of Chatham, and many other distinguished members of Parliament who were friendly to the American Colonies. In 1969, the New Jersey Legislature passed legislation establishing a state college which was named after Stockton, to honor the memory of New Jersey's signer of the Declaration of Independence. There he married Catherine Williams, the daughter of a Welsh planter in Antigua, West Indies. I'm researching for a member of his family. Biography by Rev. Washington and his wife, Martha, were frequent visitors to Morven. This is the same day, just the difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars. A monumental decision had been made, and now it would have to be implemented. Persuaded by Stockton and Benjamin Rush (a medical student in Edinburgh) Witherspoon accepted and became the president of the College, and ten years later signed the Declaration of Independence alongside Stockton and Dr. Benjamin Rush (then Stocktons son-in-law). Nothing was ever written about doubts of Stockton's loyalty in any of the papers of members of Congress, or in any newspapers or books of the time. John Witherspoon died near Princeton, New Jersey, on NOVEMBER 15 . They were sent with instructions to vote for Independence. Like his father, John Stockton a founder of the College and trustee, Richard served as a trustee of the College of New Jersey for 24 years, as would his eldest son Richard. Conditions were horrific in prison where over 12,000 men died in prison ships and prisons in New York compared with 4,435 battle casualties during the entire war. Great hardships and suffering were also inflicted upon three signers from neighboring New Jersey. "[17], Long wary of the power of the British Crown, Witherspoon saw the growing centralization of government, progressive ideology of colonial authorities, and establishment of episcopacy authority as a threat to the liberties of the colonies. He was later awarded a Doctorate of Divinity from the University of St. Andrews, in recognition of his theological skills. In 1746, he helped to raise troops to fight Scottish rebels who were rebelling against English domination in Scotland. Danny Pieper was elected on May 23, 2007, and the SC Supreme Court, Seat 2 to which the Hon. In 1772, fifteen year old Alexander Hamilton arrived from the West Indies and lived with Elias and Hanna for two years. Stockton was admitted to the bar in 1754, to the grade of counselor in 1758, and in 1763, he received the degree of Sergeant-at-Law the highest degree of law attainable. She later had second thoughts, and a visit from the charming Dr. He turned it into a very successful institution, and was a very popular man as a result. He quickly sided with the patriots who favored independence, and in June 1776, he was elected to Congress. Since that period, he hath represented New-Jersey in the congress of the United States. John Witherspoon (February 5, 1723 - November 15, 1794) was a Scottish-American Presbyterian minister, educator, farmer, slaveholder, and a Founding Father of the United States. In 1776, Stockton was elected to the Continental Congress, where he took a very active role. Following the war, Witherspoon devoted his life to rebuilding the College. New England was unanimously for independence. John Witherspoon, the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence, was born in Yester, Scotland on 5 Feb 1722 or 1723. At the age of four, he could read the Bible. In 1768, John Witherspoon, Presbyterian leader of the evangelical Popular party faction in the Scottish Kirk, became the College of New Jersey's sixth president. Pledging `` to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our Sacred.... Pomfret, John C., his personal efforts resulted in the New Jersey Legislative Council Somerset! A result into a ministerial family near Edinburgh on Feb. 5,.. 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